Studi Longitudinal: Stabilitas dan Perubahan Minat Karier Pada Siswa Laki-Laki dan Perempuan
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Aug 1, 2022
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stabilitas, perubahan, minat karier
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Setiap orang memiliki keinginan berkarier, yang tumbuh sejak masa kanak-kanak dan berkembang sejalan dengan pengalaman hidupnya. Perubahan minat karier akan terjadi sampai mereka menemukan bidang karier yang dirasa cocok dengan potensi dan kompetensi yang dimilikinya. Pada masa remaja awal merupakan masa pencarian identitas diri, sehingga minat karier mereka masih terus berubah. Dilain pihak, peraturan pemerintah mengharuskan siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) menentukan peminatan ketika mau melanjutkan ke jenjang Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perubahan minat karier pada siswa laki-laki dan perempuan. Studi Longitudinal dilakukan dengan dua kali pengukuran, yaitu ketika awal masuk SMP (kelas VII) dan ketika akhir sekolah di SMP (kelas IX). Partisipan sebanyak 169 siswa yang terdiri dari 108 perempuan dan 61 laki-laki. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah RMIB (Rothwell Miller Interest Blank). Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif, untuk melihat perubahan minat karier yang terjadi pada masing-masing siswa. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ada 67.55% siswa yang minat kariernya berubah atau belum stabil. Siswa laki-laki lebih banyak yang sudah stabil minat kariernya dari pada siswa perempuan. Pada siswa laki-laki ada 49.18 % siswa yang minatnya sudah stabil, sedangkan pada siswa perempuan hanya ada 23.15 % siswa yang sudah stabil.
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Mudhar, M., Aisyah, A., Mufidah, E. F., & Nastiti, D. (2022). Studi Longitudinal: Stabilitas dan Perubahan Minat Karier Pada Siswa Laki-Laki dan Perempuan. Nusantara of Research : Jurnal Hasil-Hasil Penelitian Universitas Nusantara PGRI Kediri, 9(2), 162-176. https://doi.org/10.29407/nor.v9i2.17930
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Referensi
Ardies, J., De Maeyer, S., & Gijbels, D. (2015). A longitudinal study on boys’ and girls’ career aspirations and interest in technology. Research in Science and Technological Education, 33(3), 366–386.
Ardies, J., De Maeyer, S., Gijbels, D., & van Keulen, H. (2014). Students attitudes towards technology. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 25(1), 43–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-014-9268-x
Armstrong, P. I., & Rounds, J. B. (2008). Vocational Psychology and Individual Differences. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Handbook of Counseling Psychology (pp. 375–391). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Arnett, J. J. (1999). Adolescent Storm and Stress. American Psychologist, 54(5), 317–326. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203773642
Barmby, P., Kind, P. M., & Jones, K. (2008). Examining changing attitudes in secondary school science. International Journal of Science Education, 30(8), 1075–1093.
Bem, S. L. (1974). The Measurement of Psychological Androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42(2), 155–162. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0036215
Betsworth, D. G., & Fouad, N. A. (1997). Vocational Interests: A Look at the Past 70 Years and a Glance at the Future. The Career Development Quarterly, 46(1), 23–47. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.1997.tb00689.x
Brickhouse, N. W. (2001). Embodying science: A feminist perspective on learning. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 38(3), 282–295.
Campbell, V. L. (2000). A Framework for Using Tests in Counseling. In C. E. Watkins & V. L. Campbell (Eds.), Testing and Assessment in Counseling Practice (2nd ed., pp. 1–11). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Carless, S. A., & Fallon, B. (2002). The Relationship between Rothwell-Miller Interest Categories and Abilities. Australian Journal of Career Development, 11(1), 27–31.
Catsambis, S. (1995). Gender, race, ethnicity, and science education in the middle grades. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 32(3), 243–257. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.3660320305
Dinella, L. M., Fulcher, M., & Weisgram, E. S. (2014). Sex-Typed Personality Traits and Gender Identity as Predictors of Young Adults ’ Career Interests. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 43, 493–504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-013-0234-6
Dogan, H., & Bacanli, F. (2012). The effect of a career decision-making group guidance program on career decision-making difficulties. Energy Education Science and Technology Part B: Social and Educational Studies, Issues(Special Issue), 912–916.
Eagly, A. H., & Wood, W. (2016). Social Role Theory of Sex Differences. In The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies (pp. 1–3). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118663219.wbegss183
Fadigan, K. A., & Hammrich, P. L. (2004). A longitudinal study of the educational and career trajectories of female participants of an urban informal science education program. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 41(8), 835–860.
George, R. (2006). A Cross‐domain Analysis of Change in Students’ Attitudes toward Science and Attitudes about the Utility of Science. International Journal of Science Education, 28(6), 571–589.
Gottfredson, L. S. (2002). Theory of circumscription, compromise and self-creation. In D. Brown (Ed.), Career choice and development. Jossey-Bass.
Hackett, G., & Lonborg, S. D. (1993). Career Assessment for Women : Trends and Issues Trends and Issues. Journal of Career Assessment, 1, 197–216.
Haworth, C. M. A., Dale, P., & Plomin, R. (2008). A twin study into the genetic and environmental influences on academic performance in science in nine-year-old boys and girls. International Journal of Science Education, 30(8), 1003–1025. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500690701324190
Hirschi, A. (2010). Individual predictors of adolescents ’ vocational interest stabilities. Interntional Journal of Vocational Guidance, 10, 5–19.
Hoffmann, L. (2002). Promoting girls’ interest and achievement in physics classes for beginners. Learning and Instruction, 12(4), 447–465.
Holland, J. L. (1997). Making vocational choices: A theory of vocational personalities and work environments (3rd ed.). Psychological Assessment Resources.
Hurlock, E. B. (1999). Psikologi Perkembangan Suatu Pendekatan Sepanjang Rentang Kehidupan (5th ed.). Erlangga.
Jalil, A., & Aminah, S. (2018). Gender Dalam Persfektif Budaya Dan Bahasa. Al-MAIYYAH : Media Transformasi Gender Dalam Paradigma Sosial Keagamaan, 11(2), 278–300. https://doi.org/10.35905/almaiyyah.v11i2.659
Jenkins, E. W., & Nelson, N. W. (2005). Important but not for me: Students’ attitudes towards secondary school science in England. Research in Science and Technological Education, 23(1), 41–57.
Jones, M. G., Howe, A., & Rua, M. J. (2000). Gender differences in students’ experiences, interests, and attitudes toward science and scientists. Science Education, 84(2), 180–192.
Jung, J. Y., & Young, M. (2017). Occupational/Career Indecision for Economically Disadvantaged High School Students of High Intellectual Ability: a Mixed-Methods Cognitive Process Model. Psychology in the Schools, 54(7), 718–735. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22023
Lee, K. (2001). A Cross-Cultural Study of the Career Maturity of Korean and United States High School Students. Journal of Career Development, 28(1), 43–57.
Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (2000). Contextual supports and barriers to career choice: A social cognitive analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47, 36–49.
Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (2002). Social Cognitive Career Theory. In Career Choice and Development (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., Nota, L., & Soresi, S. (2003). Testing social cognitive interest and choice hypotheses across Holland types in Italian high school students. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 62(1), 101–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(02)00057-X
Levesque, R. J. R. (2011). Sex Roles and Gender Roles. In Encyclopedia of Adolescence. Springer Science+Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1695-2
Lie, A., & Prasasti, S. (2004). 101 Cara Membina Kepribadian dan Tanggung Jawab Anak. Elex Media Komputindo.
Low, K. S. D., & Rounds, J. (2007). Interest change and continuity from early adolescence to middle adulthood. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 7(1), 23–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-006-9110-4
Low, K. S. D., Yoon, M., Roberts, B. W., & Rounds, J. (2005). The stability of vocational interests from early adolescence to middle adulthood: A quantitative review of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 131(5), 713–737. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.131.5.713
Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (2010). Cultures and selves: A cycle of mutual constitution. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(4), 420–430. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691610375557
Mawson, B. (2010). Children’s developing understanding of technology. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 20(1), 1–13.
Nota, L., Ferrari, L., Solberg, V. S. H., & Soresi, S. (2007). Career search self-efficacy, family support, and career indecision with Italian youth. Journal of Career Assessment, 15(2), 181–193.
Pell, T., & Jarvis, T. (2001). Developing attitude to science scales for use with children of ages from five to eleven years. International Journal of Science Education, 23(8), 847–862. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500690010016111
Prime´, D. R., & Tracey, T. J. G. (2012). Stability and Change in Interest Development. In Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning (pp. 3179–3182). https://doi.org/:10.1007/978-14419-1428-6_1667
Rottinghaus, P. J., Betz, N. E., & Borgen, F. H. (2003). Validity of Parallel Measures of Vocational Interests and Confidence. Journal of Career Assessment, 11, 355–378.
Rounds, J. B. (2005). Vocational interests: Evaluating structural hypotheses. In D. J. Lubinski & R. V. Dawis (Eds.), Handbook of Counseling Psychology (pp. 375–391). John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Sadler, P. M., Sonnert, G., Hazari, Z., & Tai, R. (2012). Stability and Volatility of STEM Career Interest in High School : A Gender Study. Science E Ducation, 96, 411–427.
Sahin, A., Ekmekci, A., & Waxman, H. C. (2017). Collective Effects of Individual , Behavioral , and Contextual Factors on High School Students ’ Future STEM Career Plans. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 15(85), 1–21.
Santrock, J. W. (2011). Masa Perkembangan Anak (Sebelas). Salemba Humanika.
Savickas, M. L. (1999). The psychology of interests. In M. L. Savickas & A. R. Spokane (Eds.), Vocational interests: Meaning, measurement, and counseling use (pp. 19–56). Davies-Black.
Sawitri, D. R., Creed, P. A., & Zimmer-gembeck, M. J. (2013). Parental influences and adolescent career behaviours in a collectivist cultural setting. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 14(2), 161–180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-013-9247-x
Simpson, R. D., & Steve Oliver, J. (1990). A summary of major influences on attitude toward and achievement in science among adolescent students. Science Education, 74(1), 1–18.
Skorikov, V. B., & Vondracek, F. W. (1997). Longitudinal Relationships Between Part-Time Work and Career Development in Adolescents. In The Career Development Quarterly (Vol. 45, Issue 3, pp. 221–235). https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.1997.tb00466.x
Spence, J. T. (1993). “Gender-related traits and gender ideology: Evidence for a multifactorial theory”: Correction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(6), 905–905. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.64.6.905
Spokane, A. R., Meir, E. I., & Catalano, M. (2000). Person-Environment Congruence and Holland’s Theory: A Review and Reconsideration. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 57(2), 137–187. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2000.1771
Tracey, T. J. G., Robbins, S. B., & Hofsess, C. D. (2005). Stability and change in interests: A longitudinal study of adolescents from grades 8 through 12. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2003.11.002
Tracey, T. J. G., & Sodano, S. M. (2008). Issues of Stability and Change in Interest Development. The Career Development Quarterly, 57(September), 51–62.
Vock, M., Koller, O., & Nagy, G. (2013). Vocational interests of intellectually gifted and highly achieving young adults. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 83, 305–328.
Volk, K. S., & Ming, Y. W. (1999). Gender and Technology in Hong Kong: A Study of Pupils’ Attitudes Toward Technology. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 9(1), 57–71.
Weinburgh, M. (1995). Gender differences in student attitudes toward science: A meta‐analysis of the literature from 1970 to 1991. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 32(4), 387–398.
Ardies, J., De Maeyer, S., Gijbels, D., & van Keulen, H. (2014). Students attitudes towards technology. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 25(1), 43–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-014-9268-x
Armstrong, P. I., & Rounds, J. B. (2008). Vocational Psychology and Individual Differences. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Handbook of Counseling Psychology (pp. 375–391). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Arnett, J. J. (1999). Adolescent Storm and Stress. American Psychologist, 54(5), 317–326. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203773642
Barmby, P., Kind, P. M., & Jones, K. (2008). Examining changing attitudes in secondary school science. International Journal of Science Education, 30(8), 1075–1093.
Bem, S. L. (1974). The Measurement of Psychological Androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42(2), 155–162. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0036215
Betsworth, D. G., & Fouad, N. A. (1997). Vocational Interests: A Look at the Past 70 Years and a Glance at the Future. The Career Development Quarterly, 46(1), 23–47. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.1997.tb00689.x
Brickhouse, N. W. (2001). Embodying science: A feminist perspective on learning. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 38(3), 282–295.
Campbell, V. L. (2000). A Framework for Using Tests in Counseling. In C. E. Watkins & V. L. Campbell (Eds.), Testing and Assessment in Counseling Practice (2nd ed., pp. 1–11). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Carless, S. A., & Fallon, B. (2002). The Relationship between Rothwell-Miller Interest Categories and Abilities. Australian Journal of Career Development, 11(1), 27–31.
Catsambis, S. (1995). Gender, race, ethnicity, and science education in the middle grades. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 32(3), 243–257. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.3660320305
Dinella, L. M., Fulcher, M., & Weisgram, E. S. (2014). Sex-Typed Personality Traits and Gender Identity as Predictors of Young Adults ’ Career Interests. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 43, 493–504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-013-0234-6
Dogan, H., & Bacanli, F. (2012). The effect of a career decision-making group guidance program on career decision-making difficulties. Energy Education Science and Technology Part B: Social and Educational Studies, Issues(Special Issue), 912–916.
Eagly, A. H., & Wood, W. (2016). Social Role Theory of Sex Differences. In The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies (pp. 1–3). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118663219.wbegss183
Fadigan, K. A., & Hammrich, P. L. (2004). A longitudinal study of the educational and career trajectories of female participants of an urban informal science education program. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 41(8), 835–860.
George, R. (2006). A Cross‐domain Analysis of Change in Students’ Attitudes toward Science and Attitudes about the Utility of Science. International Journal of Science Education, 28(6), 571–589.
Gottfredson, L. S. (2002). Theory of circumscription, compromise and self-creation. In D. Brown (Ed.), Career choice and development. Jossey-Bass.
Hackett, G., & Lonborg, S. D. (1993). Career Assessment for Women : Trends and Issues Trends and Issues. Journal of Career Assessment, 1, 197–216.
Haworth, C. M. A., Dale, P., & Plomin, R. (2008). A twin study into the genetic and environmental influences on academic performance in science in nine-year-old boys and girls. International Journal of Science Education, 30(8), 1003–1025. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500690701324190
Hirschi, A. (2010). Individual predictors of adolescents ’ vocational interest stabilities. Interntional Journal of Vocational Guidance, 10, 5–19.
Hoffmann, L. (2002). Promoting girls’ interest and achievement in physics classes for beginners. Learning and Instruction, 12(4), 447–465.
Holland, J. L. (1997). Making vocational choices: A theory of vocational personalities and work environments (3rd ed.). Psychological Assessment Resources.
Hurlock, E. B. (1999). Psikologi Perkembangan Suatu Pendekatan Sepanjang Rentang Kehidupan (5th ed.). Erlangga.
Jalil, A., & Aminah, S. (2018). Gender Dalam Persfektif Budaya Dan Bahasa. Al-MAIYYAH : Media Transformasi Gender Dalam Paradigma Sosial Keagamaan, 11(2), 278–300. https://doi.org/10.35905/almaiyyah.v11i2.659
Jenkins, E. W., & Nelson, N. W. (2005). Important but not for me: Students’ attitudes towards secondary school science in England. Research in Science and Technological Education, 23(1), 41–57.
Jones, M. G., Howe, A., & Rua, M. J. (2000). Gender differences in students’ experiences, interests, and attitudes toward science and scientists. Science Education, 84(2), 180–192.
Jung, J. Y., & Young, M. (2017). Occupational/Career Indecision for Economically Disadvantaged High School Students of High Intellectual Ability: a Mixed-Methods Cognitive Process Model. Psychology in the Schools, 54(7), 718–735. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22023
Lee, K. (2001). A Cross-Cultural Study of the Career Maturity of Korean and United States High School Students. Journal of Career Development, 28(1), 43–57.
Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (2000). Contextual supports and barriers to career choice: A social cognitive analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47, 36–49.
Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (2002). Social Cognitive Career Theory. In Career Choice and Development (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., Nota, L., & Soresi, S. (2003). Testing social cognitive interest and choice hypotheses across Holland types in Italian high school students. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 62(1), 101–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(02)00057-X
Levesque, R. J. R. (2011). Sex Roles and Gender Roles. In Encyclopedia of Adolescence. Springer Science+Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1695-2
Lie, A., & Prasasti, S. (2004). 101 Cara Membina Kepribadian dan Tanggung Jawab Anak. Elex Media Komputindo.
Low, K. S. D., & Rounds, J. (2007). Interest change and continuity from early adolescence to middle adulthood. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 7(1), 23–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-006-9110-4
Low, K. S. D., Yoon, M., Roberts, B. W., & Rounds, J. (2005). The stability of vocational interests from early adolescence to middle adulthood: A quantitative review of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 131(5), 713–737. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.131.5.713
Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (2010). Cultures and selves: A cycle of mutual constitution. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(4), 420–430. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691610375557
Mawson, B. (2010). Children’s developing understanding of technology. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 20(1), 1–13.
Nota, L., Ferrari, L., Solberg, V. S. H., & Soresi, S. (2007). Career search self-efficacy, family support, and career indecision with Italian youth. Journal of Career Assessment, 15(2), 181–193.
Pell, T., & Jarvis, T. (2001). Developing attitude to science scales for use with children of ages from five to eleven years. International Journal of Science Education, 23(8), 847–862. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500690010016111
Prime´, D. R., & Tracey, T. J. G. (2012). Stability and Change in Interest Development. In Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning (pp. 3179–3182). https://doi.org/:10.1007/978-14419-1428-6_1667
Rottinghaus, P. J., Betz, N. E., & Borgen, F. H. (2003). Validity of Parallel Measures of Vocational Interests and Confidence. Journal of Career Assessment, 11, 355–378.
Rounds, J. B. (2005). Vocational interests: Evaluating structural hypotheses. In D. J. Lubinski & R. V. Dawis (Eds.), Handbook of Counseling Psychology (pp. 375–391). John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Sadler, P. M., Sonnert, G., Hazari, Z., & Tai, R. (2012). Stability and Volatility of STEM Career Interest in High School : A Gender Study. Science E Ducation, 96, 411–427.
Sahin, A., Ekmekci, A., & Waxman, H. C. (2017). Collective Effects of Individual , Behavioral , and Contextual Factors on High School Students ’ Future STEM Career Plans. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 15(85), 1–21.
Santrock, J. W. (2011). Masa Perkembangan Anak (Sebelas). Salemba Humanika.
Savickas, M. L. (1999). The psychology of interests. In M. L. Savickas & A. R. Spokane (Eds.), Vocational interests: Meaning, measurement, and counseling use (pp. 19–56). Davies-Black.
Sawitri, D. R., Creed, P. A., & Zimmer-gembeck, M. J. (2013). Parental influences and adolescent career behaviours in a collectivist cultural setting. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 14(2), 161–180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-013-9247-x
Simpson, R. D., & Steve Oliver, J. (1990). A summary of major influences on attitude toward and achievement in science among adolescent students. Science Education, 74(1), 1–18.
Skorikov, V. B., & Vondracek, F. W. (1997). Longitudinal Relationships Between Part-Time Work and Career Development in Adolescents. In The Career Development Quarterly (Vol. 45, Issue 3, pp. 221–235). https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.1997.tb00466.x
Spence, J. T. (1993). “Gender-related traits and gender ideology: Evidence for a multifactorial theory”: Correction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(6), 905–905. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.64.6.905
Spokane, A. R., Meir, E. I., & Catalano, M. (2000). Person-Environment Congruence and Holland’s Theory: A Review and Reconsideration. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 57(2), 137–187. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2000.1771
Tracey, T. J. G., Robbins, S. B., & Hofsess, C. D. (2005). Stability and change in interests: A longitudinal study of adolescents from grades 8 through 12. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2003.11.002
Tracey, T. J. G., & Sodano, S. M. (2008). Issues of Stability and Change in Interest Development. The Career Development Quarterly, 57(September), 51–62.
Vock, M., Koller, O., & Nagy, G. (2013). Vocational interests of intellectually gifted and highly achieving young adults. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 83, 305–328.
Volk, K. S., & Ming, Y. W. (1999). Gender and Technology in Hong Kong: A Study of Pupils’ Attitudes Toward Technology. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 9(1), 57–71.
Weinburgh, M. (1995). Gender differences in student attitudes toward science: A meta‐analysis of the literature from 1970 to 1991. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 32(4), 387–398.