The effect of augmented reality on students' spatial abilities in mathematics learning: A systematic literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29407/jmen.v12i1.27993Keywords:
Spatial Ability, Mathematics Learning, Systematic Literature Review, Augmented RealityAbstract
Spatial ability is an important aspect in mathematics learning because it helps students understand geometric concepts, spatial forms, and relationships between visual elements. However, learning that is still abstract and two-dimensional makes it difficult for students to develop this ability. With advances in technology, Augmented Reality (AR) has emerged as an innovation that can bridge abstract concepts into concrete and interactive learning experiences. This study aimed to systematically review the influence and application of AR on improving students' spatial abilities in mathematics learning using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature searches were conducted through Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and ERIC, and of the 266 articles found, 15 articles met the inclusion criteria for analysis. The synthesis results showed that the application of AR had a positive effect on improving spatial abilities, especially in the aspects of visualization, rotation, and spatial reasoning. AR helped students understand geometric concepts through interactive three-dimensional object representations, increased learning motivation, and strengthened cognitive engagement. The effectiveness of AR increased when integrated with active learning models, although there were still obstacles related to devices, teacher readiness, and infrastructure
References
Aini, Q., & Indrawati, D. (2024). Pengembangan media pembelajaran etnomatematika (ARETMA) berbasis augmented reality pada bangun ruang kelas V SD. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar (JPGSD), 12(6), 1026–1036.
Aprilia, Y. D., Suwandayani, B. I., & Kuncahyono. (2025). Optimalisasi penggunaan teknologi augmented reality di era digital pada sekolah dasar. Cetta: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 8(1), 15–24. https://jayapangusprelss.pelnelrbit.org/indelx.php/celtta
Ardiningtyas, M., Azis, Z., & Irvan. (2024). The Development of Augmented Reality-based Geometry Module (AR-Geo) to Improve Spatial Ability in Learning 3D Geometry Material in SMA Negeri 3 Medan. Indonesian Journal of Education and Mathematical Science, 5(2), 142–150. https://doi.org/10.30596/ijelms.v5i2.19599
Arifin, A. M., Pujiastuti, H., & Sudiana, R. (2020). Pengembangan media pembelajaran STEM dengan augmented reality untuk meningkatkan kemampuan spasial matematis siswa. Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika, 7(1), 59–73. https://doi.org/10.21831/jrpm.v7i1.32135
Asmaun, A. (2025). Augmented reality dalam pembelajaran geometri: Dampak, tantangan, dan arah masa depan. Lontara Journal of Mathematics, Statistics and Application, 2(2), 77–87.
Aswandi, N., & Helndrik, B. (2025). Transformasi sektor melalui augmented reality: Manfaat, tantangan, dan masa depan strategis. Journal of Education Research, 6(1), 107–113.
Avila-Garzon, C., Bacca-Acosta, J., Kinshuk, D., J., & Betancourt, J. (2021). Augmented Reality in Education: An Overview of Twenty-Five Years of Research. Contemporary Educational Technology, 13(3), ep302. https://doi.org/10.30935/celdtelch/10865
Bahiyah, N., Sokibi, P., & Muttaqin, I. (2020). Aplikasi Pengenalan Produk Menggunakan Augmented Reality dengan Metode Marker. Jurnal Sistem Cerdas, 3, 184.
Budaya, U.-U. R. I. N. T. t. C. (2010). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 11 Tahun 2010 tentang Cagar Budaya.
Çelik, F., & Ersanlı, C. Y. (2022). The use of augmented reality in a gamified CLIL lesson and students’ achievements and attitudes: A quasi-experimental study. Smart Learning Environments, 9(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-022-00211-z
Cetintav, G., & Yilmaz, R. (2023). The Effect of Augmented Reality Technology on Middle School Students’ Mathematic Academic Achievement, Self-Regulated Learning Skills, and Motivation. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 61(7), 1483–1504. https://doi.org/10.1177/07356331231176022
Cui, X., & Guo, K. (2022). Supporting Mathematics Learning: A Review of Spatial Abilities from Research to Practice. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 46(101176). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobelha.2022.101176
Dendodi, D., Simarona, N., Elpin, A., & Bahari, Y. W., W. (2024). Analisis penerapan augmented reality dalam meningkatkan efektivitas pembelajaran sains di era digital. Alacrity: Journal of Education, 4, 2775–4138.
Febriyanto, E. Y. F., Yudianto, E., Ambarwati, R., Kurniati, D., Safrida, L. N., Firmansyah, F. F., & Fazira, S. K. (2025). Pengembangan buku geometri terintegrasi jajanan tradisional berbasis augmented reality untuk meningkatkan kemampuan spasial. Transformasi: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika dan Matematika, 9(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.36526/tr.v9i1.5113
Franselaa, K., Syahputra, E. L., & Banjaran, H. (2021). Pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis Macromedia Flash untuk meningkatkan kemampuan spasial siswa pada materi dimensi tiga. PARADIKMA: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 14(1), 71–79.
Hafis, H., Buhaelrah, B., & Kasmirah, K. (2024). Implementasi media pembelajaran berbasis augmented reality untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep geometri siswa. DIKMAT: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 5(2), 1-15. https://jurnal.habi.ac.id/indelx.php/Dikmat
Haleem, A., Javaid, M., Qadri, M. A., & Suman, R. (2022). Understanding the role of digital technologies in education: A review. . Sustainable Operations and Computers, 3, 275–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susoc.2022.05.004
Hanid, M. F. A., Said, M. N. H. M., Yahaya, N., & Abdullah, Z. (2022). Effects of augmented reality application integration with computational thinking in geometry topics. In Education and Information Technologies (Vol. 27, pp. 10007–10029). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-10994-w
Heydemans, C., & Elmunsyah, H. (2024). Study of the use of augmented reality as a learning media. Jurnal Nasional Pendidikan Teknik Informatika (JANAPATI), 13(3). https://doi.org/10.23887/janapati.v13i3.78825
Ibáñez, M. B., Uriarte Portillo, A., Zatarain Cabada, R., & Barrón, M. L. (2020). Impact of augmented reality technology on academic achievement and motivation of students from public and private Mexican schools: A case study in a middle-school geometry course. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 36(4), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeldu.2019.103734
Ilmidin, I., Arisjulyanto, D., Suharmanto, S., & Kusuma, A. H. (2025). Pelatihan metode systematic literature review (SLR) dan meta-analysis dalam pengolahan data penelitian pada mahasiswa sarjana ilmu kesehatan masyarakat Universitas Cenderawasih. SEWAGATI: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia, 4(2), 343–351. https://doi.org/10.56910/selwagati.v4i2.2528
Irniani, I. (2020). Meningkatkan kemampuan spasial siswa kelas VII SMPN 4 Taliwang melalui aplikasi Android virtual reality mathematics berbantuan Google Cardboard. Indonesian Journal of Teacher Education, 1(2), 80–86.
Javehri, H., Lehmann, J., Altmeyer, K., Müller, L. M., Bröker, R., & Łukowicz, P. (2023, 2023). Design of augmented reality-based environment to promote spatial imagination for mathematics education in elementary school Proceedings of the 2022 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2022 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers, https://doi.org/10.1145/3544793.3560380
Kithenham, B., & Charters, S. (2007). Guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in software engineering. EBSE Technical Report, Keele University and Durham University.
Kusuma, R. N., Insani, Z. N., Pratiwi, W. Y., & Ali, M. (2025). Penerapan teori belajar sosial Vygotsky dalam strategi guru kurikulum Cambridge mata pelajaran matematika pada sekolah dasar. Journal on Education, 11(1), 144–155.
Majeed, B. H., & AlRikabi, H. T. S. (2022). Effect of Augmented Reality Technology on Spatial Intelligence among High School Students. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 17(24), 131–143. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijelt.v17i24.35977
Marian, F., Efendi, D., & Abdillah, K. M. (2025). Integrasi teknologi augmented reality dalam pembelajaran matematika untuk meningkatkan pemahaman geometri siswa. JIPMat: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Matematika, 10(1), 255–270. https://doi.org/10.26877/jipmat.v10i2.2510
Muti, I., Hasyim, D. M., Ms, S. S. U., Anwar, S., & Hilman, C. (2024). Pemanfaatan teknologi metaverse inovative journal of social science research. Innovative Journal of Social Science Research, 4, 5463–5474.
Nadzeri, M. B., Musa, M., Meng, C. C., & Ismail, I. M. (2024). The Effects of Augmented Reality Geometry Learning Applications on Spatial Visualization Ability for Lower Primary School Pupils. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM), 18(16), 104–118. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v18i16.47079
Niu, M., Lo, C. H., & Yu, Z. (2021). Embedding Virtual Reality Technology in Teaching 3D Design for Secondary Education. Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 2, Article 661920. https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2021.661920
Nurwijaya, S. (2022). Pengaruh model pembelajaran problem based learning berbantuan augmented reality terhadap kemampuan spasial siswa. EQUALS: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Matematika, 5(2), 107–115.
Nurwijaya, S., & Sukaria, M. I. (2025). Augmented reality (AR) dalam pembelajaran geometri: Dampak pada spasial reasoning siswa. Pedagogy: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 10(2), 471–481.
Ozcakir, B., & Cakiroglu, E. L. (2021). An augmented reality learning toolkit for fostering spatial ability in mathematics lessons: Design and development. European Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 9(4), 145–167. https://doi.org/10.30935/SCIMATH/11204
Putri, O. S. H., & Veri, J. (2025). Sinergi kolaboratif antar fungsi dan jejaring profesional sebagai strategi MSDM dalam peningkatan kinerja organisasi. Jurnal Mirai Management, 11(1), 93–102.
Rista, L., Maryanti, & Qadriah, L. (2025). Pengaruh strategi problem based learning (PBL) berbantuan augmented reality (AR) dalam meningkatkan kemampuan spasial matematis siswa. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 5(3), 328–335.
Rohendi, D., Ramadhan, M. O., Rahim, S. S. A., & Zulnaidi, H. (2025). Enhancing students’ creativity and responses in learning geometry by using augmented reality. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.29333/eljmstel/15796
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. L. (2020). Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation from a Self-Determination Theory Perspective: Definitions, Theory, Practices, and Future Directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61(101860). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celdpsych.2020.101860
Sari, I. N., Wiryanto, W., & Rahaju, E. B. (2024). Tinjauan literatur sistematis: Kemampuan spasial matematis dalam pengembangan pemahaman matematika di sekolah dasar. Pendas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 9(3), 235–248.
Sari, N. H. M., Fahmy, A. F. R., & Rusyda, W. Y. (2025). Augmented Reality dalam pembelajaran geometri: Sebuah analisis bibliometrik. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia: Teori, Penelitian dan Inovasi, 5, 2807–3878. https://doi.org/10.59818/jpi.v5i2.1463
Subhi, M. A., Mudrikah, A., & Hakim, L. L. (2023). Peningkatan kemampuan penalaran spasial siswa melalui implementasi media pembelajaran geometry with augmented reality (GOAR). Jurnal Penelitian Pembelajaran Matematika Sekolah (JP2MS), 7(2), 169–180. https://doi.org/10.33369/jp2ms.7.2.169-180
Taşci, G., & Soylu, Y. (2023). The Effect of Applications Related to Augmented Reality in Mathematics Lessons on the Development of Students’ Geometric Thinking Levels and Spatial Ability. TIER: Technology, Innovation, and Special Education Research, 3(2), 124–151. www.tiselrjournal.com
Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M. P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., & Kuhn, J. (2020). Effects of Augmented Reality on Learning and Cognitive Load in University Physics Laboratory Courses. Computers in Human Behavior, 108, 106316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106316
Timotheou, S., Miliou, O., Dimitriadis, Y., Sobrino, S. V., Giannoutsou, N., Cachia, R., Monés, A. M., & Ioannou, A. (2022). Impacts of Digital Technologies on Education and Factors Influencing Schools’ Digital Capacity and Transformation: A Literature Review. Education and Information Technologies, 28, 6695–6726. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11431-8
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes.
Widjaja, Y., Junaidi, & Solihatin, E. L. (2025, 2025). Perancangan model pembelajaran biologi berbasis augmented reality Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Pesantren (3rd ICOP),
Winarni, S., Hanim, M., Kumalasari, A., Marlina, M., & Rohati, R. (2023). Pengembangan buku saku berbasis augmented reality pada materi bangun ruang untuk meningkatkan kemampuan spasial siswa. AKSIOMA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, 12(4), 3561–3571. https://doi.org/10.24127/ajpm.v12i4.8193
Yanuarto, W. N., & Iqbal, A. M. (2022). Media pembelajaran augmented reality untuk meningkatkan kemampuan spasial matematis pada konsep geometri. Edumatica: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 12(1), 30-40.
Young, C. J., Levine, S. C., & Mix, K. S. (2018). The Connection Between Spatial and Mathematical Ability Across Development. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 755. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00755
Zeki, H., Chabbi, M., Sefian, M. L., & Bakkali, I. (2025). Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality in Education: A Systematic Narrative Review on Benefits, Challenges, and Applications. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 21(9), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.29333/eljmstel/16830
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 afdar, Putri Nur Malasari
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Copyright on any article is retained by the author(s).
- The author grants the journal, the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
- The article and any associated published material is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
How to Cite
