Social Anxiety Disorder In Adolescence And Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy as A Future Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study
Article Sidebar
Published:
Mar 15, 2023
Keywords:
cognitive behavior therapy, social anxiety, adolescence
Main Article Content
Abstract
Adolescents in social development are susceptible to social anxiety disorder (SAD). Adolescents need social support and self-acceptance in a social environment which in the process is often stressful to experience social anxiety. This study aims to identify social anxiety disorder in adolescents based on sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, family status, and residence as well as plans to use internet-based behavior therapy to be used as a treatment in future studies. This research approach is quantitative with a cross-sectional survey design. This study uses probability sampling with simple random sampling. The number of samples in this study is 458. This study used Social Anxiety Scale (SAC) questionnaire and data analysis using descriptive statistical tests, ANOVA tests, and Mann-Whitney tests. The results showed that the social anxiety category of adolescents was moderate, and only the age and place of residence had an effect on adolescent social anxiety. To overcome social anxiety, adolescents use internet-based Cognitive Behavior Therapy (I-CBT) as a future treatment.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Article Details
How to Cite
Septiana, N. Z., Ramli, M., Hidayah, N., & Isrofin, B. (2023). Social Anxiety Disorder In Adolescence And Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy as A Future Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nusantara of Research : Jurnal Hasil-Hasil Penelitian Universitas Nusantara PGRI Kediri, 10(1), 27-38. https://doi.org/10.29407/nor.v10i1.18834
Issue
Section
Artikel
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Copyright on any article is retained by the author(s).
- The author grants the journal, the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
- The article and any associated published material is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
References
Adare, A. A., Zhang, Y., Hu, Y., & Wang, Z. (2021). Relationship Between Parental Marital Conflict and Social Anxiety Symptoms of Chinese College Students: Mediation Effect of Attachment. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.640770
Ambusaidi, A., Al-Huseini, S., Alshaqsi, H., AlGhafri, M., Chan, M. F., Al-Sibani, N., Al-Adawi, S., & Qoronfleh, M. W. (2022). The Prevalence and Sociodemographic Correlates of Social Anxiety Disorder: A Focused National Survey. Chronic Stress, 6. https://doi.org/10.1177/24705470221081215
Annoni, A. M., Petrocchi, S., Camerini, A. L., & Marciano, L. (2021). The relationship between social anxiety, smartphone use, dispositional trust, and problematic smartphone use: A moderated mediation model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 1–16.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052452
Aune, T., Juul, E. M. L., Beidel, D. C., Nordahl, H. M., & Dvorak, R. D. (2021). Mitigating adolescent social anxiety symptoms: the effects of social support and social self-efficacy in findings from the Young-HUNT 3 study. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30(3), 441–449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01529-0
Bautista, C. L., Ralston, A. L., Brock, R. L., & Hope, D. A. (2022). Peer coach support in internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for college students with social anxiety disorder: efficacy and acceptability. Cogent Psychology, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2022.2040160
Bemmer, E. R., Boulton, K. A., Thomas, E. E., Larke, B., Lah, S., Hickie, I. B., & Guastella, A. J. (2021). Modified CBT for social anxiety and social functioning in young adults with autism spectrum disorder. Molecular Autism, 12(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00418-w
Blöte, A. W., Miers, A. C., & Westenberg, P. M. (2022). Concurrent and Prospective Associations Between Social Anxiety and Responses to Stress in Adolescence. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 50(5), 659–668. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-021-00880-3
Carlton, C. N., Garcia, K. M., Andino, M. V., Ollendick, T. H., & Richey, J. A. (2022). Social anxiety disorder is Associated with Vaccination attitude, stress, and coping responses during COVID-19. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 46(5), 916–926. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-022-10310-3
Cejudo, J., Rodrigo-Ruiz, D., López-Delgado, M. L., & Losada, L. (2018). Emotional intelligence and its relationship with levels of social anxiety and stress in adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(6), 1073. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15061073
Chaitanya, R., & G.C, N. (2022). Adjustment Among Adolescents From The Urban And Rural Area (p. 93). Department of PG Studies and Research in Psychology. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362847441
Charmaraman, L., Richer, A. M., Liu, C., Lynch, A. D., & Moreno, M. A. (2021). Early Adolescent Social Media-Related Body Dissatisfaction: Associations with Depressive Symptoms, Social Anxiety, Peers, and Celebrities. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 42(5), 401–407. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000911
Chiu, K., Clark, D. M., & Leigh, E. (2021). Prospective associations between peer functioning and social anxiety in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. In Journal of Affective Disorders (Vol. 279, pp. 650–661). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.055
Clark, D. M., Wild, J., Warnock-Parkes, E., Stott, R., Grey, N., Thew, G., & Ehlers, A. (2022). More than doubling the clinical benefit of each hour of therapist time: a randomized controlled trial of internet cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder. Psychological Medicine, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291722002008
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approach (5th ed.). SAGE Publication.
Danneel, S., Nelemans, S., Spithoven, A., Bastin, M., Bijttebier, P., Colpin, H., Van Den Noortgate, W., Van Leeuwen, K., Verschueren, K., & Goossens, L. (2019). Internalizing Problems in Adolescence: Linking Loneliness, Social Anxiety Symptoms, and Depressive Symptoms Over Time. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 47(10), 1691–1705. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-019-00539-0
Foroughi, B., Griffiths, M. D., Iranmanesh, M., & Salamzadeh, Y. (2022). Associations Between Instagram Addiction, Academic Performance, Social Anxiety, Depression, and Life Satisfaction Among University Students. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20(4), 2221–2242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-021-00510-5
Gill, C., Watson, L., Williams, C., & Chan, S. W. Y. (2018). Social anxiety and self-compassion in adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 69, 163–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.10.004
Guo, S., Deng, W., Wang, H., Liu, J., Liu, X., Yang, X., He, C., Zhang, Q., Liu, B., Dong, X., Yang, Z., Li, Z., & Li, X. (2020). The efficacy of internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for social anxiety disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. In Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy (Vol. 28, Issue 3, pp. 656–668). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2528
Hengen, K. M., & Alpers, G. W. (2021). Stress Makes the Difference: Social Stress and Social Anxiety in Decision-Making Under Uncertainty. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 33. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.578293
Hood, S., Barrickman, N., Djerdjian, N., Farr, M., Magner, S., Roychowdhury, H., Gerrits, R., Lawford, H., Ott, B., Ross, K., Paige, O., Stowe, S., Jensen, M., & Hull, K. (2021). “I like and prefer to work alone”: Social anxiety, academic self-efficacy, and students’ perceptions of active learning. CBE Life Sciences Education, 20(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.19-12-0271
Kivity, Y., Cohen, L., Weiss, M., Elizur, J., & Huppert, J. D. (2021). The role of expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal in cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder: A study of self-report, subjective, and electrocortical measures. In Journal of Affective Disorders (Vol. 279, pp. 334–342). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.021
Kraft, J. D., Grant, D. M. M., White, E. J., Taylor, D. L., & Frosio, K. E. (2021). Cognitive mechanisms influence the relationship between social anxiety and depression among college students. Journal of American College Health, 69(3), 245–251. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2019.1661844
Lynch, H., McDonagh, C., & Hennessy, E. (2021). Social Anxiety and Depression Stigma Among Adolescents. Journal of Affective Disorders, 281, 744–750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.073
McEvoy, P. M., Hyett, M. P., Bank, S. R., Erceg-Hurn, D. M., Johnson, A. R., Kyron, M. J., Saulsman, L. M., Moulds, M. L., Grisham, J. R., Holmes, E. A., Moscovitch, D. A., Lipp, O. V., Campbell, B. N. C., & Rapee, R. M. (2022). Imagery-enhanced v. verbally-based group cognitive behavior therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 52(7), 1277–1286. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720003001
Niles, A. N., Axelsson, E., Andersson, E., Hedman-Lagerlöf, E., Carlbring, P., Andersson, G., Johansson, R., Widén, S., Driessen, J., Santoft, F., & Ljótsson, B. (2021). Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for depression, social anxiety disorder, and panic disorder: Effectiveness and predictors of response in a teaching clinic. Behavior Research and Therapy, 136, 103767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2020.103767
Nordh, M., Wahlund, T., Jolstedt, M., Sahlin, H., Bjureberg, J., Ahlen, J., Lalouni, M., Salomonsson, S., Vigerland, S., Lavner, M., Öst, L. G., Lenhard, F., Hesser, H., Mataix-Cols, D., Högström, J., & Serlachius, E. (2021). Therapist-Guided Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy vs Internet-Delivered Supportive Therapy for Children and Adolescents with Social Anxiety Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(7), 705–713. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.0469
O’Day, E. B., Morrison, A. S., Goldin, P. R., Gross, J. J., & Heimberg, R. G. (2019). Social anxiety, loneliness, and the moderating role of emotion regulation. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 38(9), 751–773. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2019.38.9.751
Peyre, H., Barret, S., Landman, B., Blanco, C., Ellul, P., Limosin, F., Hoertel, N., & Delorme, R. (2022). Age of onset of social anxiety disorder and psychiatric and mental health outcomes: Results from a nationally representative study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 309, 252–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.149
Rapee, R. M., Magson, N. R., Forbes, M. K., Richardson, C. E., Johnco, C. J., Oar, E. L., & Fardouly, J. (2022). Risk for social anxiety in early adolescence: Longitudinal impact of pubertal development, appearance comparisons, and peer connections. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 154, 104126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2022.104126
Sigurðardóttir, S., Helgadóttir, F. D., Menzies, R. E., Sighvatsson, M. B., & Menzies, R. G. (2022). Improving adherence to a web-based cognitive-behavioural therapy program for social anxiety with group sessions: A randomised control trial. Internet Interventions, 28, 100535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100535
Stănculescu, E., & Griffiths, M. D. (2022). Social media addiction profiles and their antecedents using latent profile analysis: The contribution of social anxiety, gender, and age. Telematics and Informatics, 74, 101879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2022.101879
Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C. L. Y. M., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539
Vrbova, K., Prasko, J., Ociskova, M., Holubova, M., Kantor, K., Kolek, A., Grambal, A., & Slepecky, M. (2018). Suicidality, self-stigma, social anxiety and personality traits in stabilized schizophrenia patients – A cross-sectional study. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 14, 1415–1424. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S162070
Warizki, T. F. W. (2022). Penerapan Cognitive Behavior Therapy untuk Mengurangi Kecemasan Sosial pada Mahasiswa Rantau Semester Awal (Studi pada Kampus UIN SMH Banten) [Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin]. https://repository.uinbanten.ac.id
Woody, M. L., Kaurin, A., McKone, K. M. P., Ladouceur, C. D., & Silk, J. S. (2022). Displays of negative facial affect during parent–adolescent conflict and the bidirectional transmission of social anxiety. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 63(8), 846–854. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13530
Zelihić, D., van Dalen, M., Kling, J., Pripp, A. H., Nordgreen, T., Kvalem, I. L., Pasmans, S. G. M. A., Mathijssen, I. M. J., Koudstaal, M. J., Hillegers, M. H. J., Williamson, H., Utens, E. M. W. J., Feragen, K. B., & Okkerse, J. M. E. (2022). Reducing social anxiety in adolescents distressed by a visible difference: Results from a randomised control trial of a web-based intervention. Body Image, 40, 295–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.01.008
Ambusaidi, A., Al-Huseini, S., Alshaqsi, H., AlGhafri, M., Chan, M. F., Al-Sibani, N., Al-Adawi, S., & Qoronfleh, M. W. (2022). The Prevalence and Sociodemographic Correlates of Social Anxiety Disorder: A Focused National Survey. Chronic Stress, 6. https://doi.org/10.1177/24705470221081215
Annoni, A. M., Petrocchi, S., Camerini, A. L., & Marciano, L. (2021). The relationship between social anxiety, smartphone use, dispositional trust, and problematic smartphone use: A moderated mediation model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 1–16.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052452
Aune, T., Juul, E. M. L., Beidel, D. C., Nordahl, H. M., & Dvorak, R. D. (2021). Mitigating adolescent social anxiety symptoms: the effects of social support and social self-efficacy in findings from the Young-HUNT 3 study. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30(3), 441–449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01529-0
Bautista, C. L., Ralston, A. L., Brock, R. L., & Hope, D. A. (2022). Peer coach support in internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for college students with social anxiety disorder: efficacy and acceptability. Cogent Psychology, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2022.2040160
Bemmer, E. R., Boulton, K. A., Thomas, E. E., Larke, B., Lah, S., Hickie, I. B., & Guastella, A. J. (2021). Modified CBT for social anxiety and social functioning in young adults with autism spectrum disorder. Molecular Autism, 12(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00418-w
Blöte, A. W., Miers, A. C., & Westenberg, P. M. (2022). Concurrent and Prospective Associations Between Social Anxiety and Responses to Stress in Adolescence. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 50(5), 659–668. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-021-00880-3
Carlton, C. N., Garcia, K. M., Andino, M. V., Ollendick, T. H., & Richey, J. A. (2022). Social anxiety disorder is Associated with Vaccination attitude, stress, and coping responses during COVID-19. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 46(5), 916–926. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-022-10310-3
Cejudo, J., Rodrigo-Ruiz, D., López-Delgado, M. L., & Losada, L. (2018). Emotional intelligence and its relationship with levels of social anxiety and stress in adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(6), 1073. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15061073
Chaitanya, R., & G.C, N. (2022). Adjustment Among Adolescents From The Urban And Rural Area (p. 93). Department of PG Studies and Research in Psychology. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362847441
Charmaraman, L., Richer, A. M., Liu, C., Lynch, A. D., & Moreno, M. A. (2021). Early Adolescent Social Media-Related Body Dissatisfaction: Associations with Depressive Symptoms, Social Anxiety, Peers, and Celebrities. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 42(5), 401–407. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000911
Chiu, K., Clark, D. M., & Leigh, E. (2021). Prospective associations between peer functioning and social anxiety in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. In Journal of Affective Disorders (Vol. 279, pp. 650–661). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.055
Clark, D. M., Wild, J., Warnock-Parkes, E., Stott, R., Grey, N., Thew, G., & Ehlers, A. (2022). More than doubling the clinical benefit of each hour of therapist time: a randomized controlled trial of internet cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder. Psychological Medicine, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291722002008
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approach (5th ed.). SAGE Publication.
Danneel, S., Nelemans, S., Spithoven, A., Bastin, M., Bijttebier, P., Colpin, H., Van Den Noortgate, W., Van Leeuwen, K., Verschueren, K., & Goossens, L. (2019). Internalizing Problems in Adolescence: Linking Loneliness, Social Anxiety Symptoms, and Depressive Symptoms Over Time. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 47(10), 1691–1705. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-019-00539-0
Foroughi, B., Griffiths, M. D., Iranmanesh, M., & Salamzadeh, Y. (2022). Associations Between Instagram Addiction, Academic Performance, Social Anxiety, Depression, and Life Satisfaction Among University Students. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20(4), 2221–2242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-021-00510-5
Gill, C., Watson, L., Williams, C., & Chan, S. W. Y. (2018). Social anxiety and self-compassion in adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 69, 163–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.10.004
Guo, S., Deng, W., Wang, H., Liu, J., Liu, X., Yang, X., He, C., Zhang, Q., Liu, B., Dong, X., Yang, Z., Li, Z., & Li, X. (2020). The efficacy of internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for social anxiety disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. In Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy (Vol. 28, Issue 3, pp. 656–668). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2528
Hengen, K. M., & Alpers, G. W. (2021). Stress Makes the Difference: Social Stress and Social Anxiety in Decision-Making Under Uncertainty. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 33. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.578293
Hood, S., Barrickman, N., Djerdjian, N., Farr, M., Magner, S., Roychowdhury, H., Gerrits, R., Lawford, H., Ott, B., Ross, K., Paige, O., Stowe, S., Jensen, M., & Hull, K. (2021). “I like and prefer to work alone”: Social anxiety, academic self-efficacy, and students’ perceptions of active learning. CBE Life Sciences Education, 20(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.19-12-0271
Kivity, Y., Cohen, L., Weiss, M., Elizur, J., & Huppert, J. D. (2021). The role of expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal in cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder: A study of self-report, subjective, and electrocortical measures. In Journal of Affective Disorders (Vol. 279, pp. 334–342). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.021
Kraft, J. D., Grant, D. M. M., White, E. J., Taylor, D. L., & Frosio, K. E. (2021). Cognitive mechanisms influence the relationship between social anxiety and depression among college students. Journal of American College Health, 69(3), 245–251. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2019.1661844
Lynch, H., McDonagh, C., & Hennessy, E. (2021). Social Anxiety and Depression Stigma Among Adolescents. Journal of Affective Disorders, 281, 744–750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.073
McEvoy, P. M., Hyett, M. P., Bank, S. R., Erceg-Hurn, D. M., Johnson, A. R., Kyron, M. J., Saulsman, L. M., Moulds, M. L., Grisham, J. R., Holmes, E. A., Moscovitch, D. A., Lipp, O. V., Campbell, B. N. C., & Rapee, R. M. (2022). Imagery-enhanced v. verbally-based group cognitive behavior therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 52(7), 1277–1286. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720003001
Niles, A. N., Axelsson, E., Andersson, E., Hedman-Lagerlöf, E., Carlbring, P., Andersson, G., Johansson, R., Widén, S., Driessen, J., Santoft, F., & Ljótsson, B. (2021). Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for depression, social anxiety disorder, and panic disorder: Effectiveness and predictors of response in a teaching clinic. Behavior Research and Therapy, 136, 103767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2020.103767
Nordh, M., Wahlund, T., Jolstedt, M., Sahlin, H., Bjureberg, J., Ahlen, J., Lalouni, M., Salomonsson, S., Vigerland, S., Lavner, M., Öst, L. G., Lenhard, F., Hesser, H., Mataix-Cols, D., Högström, J., & Serlachius, E. (2021). Therapist-Guided Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy vs Internet-Delivered Supportive Therapy for Children and Adolescents with Social Anxiety Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(7), 705–713. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.0469
O’Day, E. B., Morrison, A. S., Goldin, P. R., Gross, J. J., & Heimberg, R. G. (2019). Social anxiety, loneliness, and the moderating role of emotion regulation. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 38(9), 751–773. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2019.38.9.751
Peyre, H., Barret, S., Landman, B., Blanco, C., Ellul, P., Limosin, F., Hoertel, N., & Delorme, R. (2022). Age of onset of social anxiety disorder and psychiatric and mental health outcomes: Results from a nationally representative study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 309, 252–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.149
Rapee, R. M., Magson, N. R., Forbes, M. K., Richardson, C. E., Johnco, C. J., Oar, E. L., & Fardouly, J. (2022). Risk for social anxiety in early adolescence: Longitudinal impact of pubertal development, appearance comparisons, and peer connections. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 154, 104126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2022.104126
Sigurðardóttir, S., Helgadóttir, F. D., Menzies, R. E., Sighvatsson, M. B., & Menzies, R. G. (2022). Improving adherence to a web-based cognitive-behavioural therapy program for social anxiety with group sessions: A randomised control trial. Internet Interventions, 28, 100535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100535
Stănculescu, E., & Griffiths, M. D. (2022). Social media addiction profiles and their antecedents using latent profile analysis: The contribution of social anxiety, gender, and age. Telematics and Informatics, 74, 101879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2022.101879
Thew, G. R., Kwok, A. P. L., Lissillour Chan, M. H., Powell, C. L. Y. M., Wild, J., Leung, P. W. L., & Clark, D. M. (2022). Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100539
Vrbova, K., Prasko, J., Ociskova, M., Holubova, M., Kantor, K., Kolek, A., Grambal, A., & Slepecky, M. (2018). Suicidality, self-stigma, social anxiety and personality traits in stabilized schizophrenia patients – A cross-sectional study. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 14, 1415–1424. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S162070
Warizki, T. F. W. (2022). Penerapan Cognitive Behavior Therapy untuk Mengurangi Kecemasan Sosial pada Mahasiswa Rantau Semester Awal (Studi pada Kampus UIN SMH Banten) [Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin]. https://repository.uinbanten.ac.id
Woody, M. L., Kaurin, A., McKone, K. M. P., Ladouceur, C. D., & Silk, J. S. (2022). Displays of negative facial affect during parent–adolescent conflict and the bidirectional transmission of social anxiety. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 63(8), 846–854. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13530
Zelihić, D., van Dalen, M., Kling, J., Pripp, A. H., Nordgreen, T., Kvalem, I. L., Pasmans, S. G. M. A., Mathijssen, I. M. J., Koudstaal, M. J., Hillegers, M. H. J., Williamson, H., Utens, E. M. W. J., Feragen, K. B., & Okkerse, J. M. E. (2022). Reducing social anxiety in adolescents distressed by a visible difference: Results from a randomised control trial of a web-based intervention. Body Image, 40, 295–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.01.008