Keragaman Tumbuhan Kacangan Penutup Lahan (Legume Cover Crops/LCC) di Maluku Utara
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29407/jbp.v13i1.28456Keywords:
Legume Cover Crop, Fabaceae, sebaran spasial, agroekosistem, Maluku UtaraAbstract
Legume Cover Crop (LCC) merupakan kelompok tumbuhan dari suku Fabaceae yang berperan penting dalam konservasi tanah dan peningkatan kualitas agroekosistem berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keberadaan, keragaman, dan sebaran spasial LCC di Pulau Ternate, Pulau Tidore, dan Halmahera Barat, Maluku Utara. Penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif eksploratif melalui survei lapangan, identifikasi morfologi, serta analisis spasial menggunakan ArcGIS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 14 spesies yang tergolong dalam 11 genus dengan total 68 aksesi. Tidore Kepulauan memiliki jumlah aksesi tertinggi (35 aksesi; 51,47%), diikuti Ternate (21 aksesi; 30,88%) dan Halmahera Barat (12 aksesi; 17,65%). Komunitas LCC didominasi oleh Centrosema pubescens dan Calopogonium mucunoides yang memiliki sebaran luas dan tingkat adaptasi tinggi pada agroekosistem tropis. Pola sebaran menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan LCC dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan dan intensitas pemanfaatan lahan. Secara ekologis, LCC berkontribusi dalam konservasi tanah, peningkatan bahan organik, serta dukungan terhadap aktivitas mikroba tanah. Hasil penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya pemanfaatan LCC sebagai strategi pengelolaan lahan berkelanjutan di wilayah kepulauan yang rentan terhadap degradasi tanah seperti Maluku Utara.
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