Keywords
Learning Boredom
Learning Stress
Learning Motivation
Senior High School Students
How to Cite
Abstract
Student motivation in Physical Education (PE) remains a challenge, as low participation and engagement in physical activities highlight the role of psychological factors such as interest, boredom, and stress. This study aims to analyze the effects of these factors on students' learning motivation in PE. A quantitative approach with a causal-associative design was applied to 157 10th and 11th-grade students at Dharma Mulya Christian High School in Surabaya using saturation sampling. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire covering four variables: interest (15 items), boredom (6 items), stress (15 items), and learning motivation (14 items), all of which met validity and reliability criteria. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression, classical assumption tests, the coefficient of determination (R²), and hypothesis testing (F-test and t-test). The results showed that interest, boredom, and stress simultaneously had a significant effect on learning motivation (F = 33.612 > 2.66; α = 0.05), with an Adjusted R² of 0.396. Partially, interest had a positive effect, boredom had a negative effect, and stress showed a conditional influence on learning motivation. These findings confirm that interest functions as an intrinsic driver of motivation, while boredom and stress act as psychological factors that influence student engagement. Practically, the findings suggest the need for structured, varied, and activity-based learning strategies to enhance participation, reduce boredom, and minimize learning-related stress in Physical Education.
References
Adesola, S. A., Li, Y., & Liu, X. (2019). Boredom in learning. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, Part F148151, 86–91. https://doi.org/10.1145/3318396.3318409
Afif Baihaqi, M., & Ridwan, M. (2023). Efforts to Increase Students Learning Motivation Through Physical Fitness Games in Physical. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani (JPJ), 4(1). 2723–2816.
Agustina, N., Connie, C., & Koto, I. (2019). Minat Dan Hasil Belajar Fisika Siswa Melalu Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Dengan Peta Konsep Pada Konsep Suhu. Jurnal Kumparan Fisika, 2(2), 85–90. https://doi.org/10.33369/jkf.2.2.85-90
Agustina, Poppy D. (2019). Analisis faktor penyebab terjadinya kejenuhan belajar pada siswa dan usaha guru BK untuk mengatasinya. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Bimbingan dan Konseling, 4(1), 96–102.
Barseli, M., Ifdil, I., & Fitria, L. (2020). Stress akademik akibat Covid-19. JPGI (Jurnal Penelitian Guru Indonesia), 5(2), 95. https://doi.org/10.29210/02733jpgi0005
Boekaerts, M. , & Boscolo, P. (2002). Interest in learning, learning to be interested. Learning and Instruction, 12, 375–382.
Bunyamin, A. (2021). Mengelola Stres dengan Pendekatan Islami dan Psikologis. Idaarah: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan, V(1), 145–159. https://doi.org/10.24252/idaarah.v5i1.20971
Caplin, A., Chen, F. S., Beauchamp, M. R., & Puterman, E. (2021). The effects of exercise intensity on the cortisol response to a subsequent acute psychosocial stressor. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105336
Centeio, E., Mercier, K., Garn, A., Erwin, H., Marttinen, R., & Foley, J. (2021). The successes and challenges of physical education teachers in online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 40(4), 667–673. https://doi.org/10.1123/JTPE.2020-0295
Chen, S., Sun, H., Zhu, X., & Chen, A. (2014). Relationship between motivation and learning in physical education and after-school physical activity. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 85(4), 468–477. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2014.961054
Devi, H. M., Purborini, N., & Chang, H. J. (2021). Mediating effect of resilience on the association among stress, depression, and anxiety in Indonesian nursing students. Journal of Professional Nursing, 37(4), 706–713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2021.04.004
Devy, Y. K., Sutajaya, I. M., & Citrawathi, D. M. (2020). Pelaksanaan Full Day School di SMA Negeri 4 Singaraja Meningkatkan Kelelahan dan Kebosanan serta Kontribusinya terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa Kelas XI MIPA. Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Undiksha, 7(1), 33–42. https://doi.org/10.23887/jjpb.v7i1
Gaol, N. T. K. (2016). Teori Stres: Stimulus, Respons, dan Transaksional. Buletin Psikologi, 24(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.22146/bpsi.11224
Gil-Arias, A., Diloy-Peña, S., Sevil-Serrano, J., García-González, L., & Abós, Á. (2021). A Hybrid TGfU/SE Volleyball Teaching Unit for Enhancing Motivation in Physical Education: A Mixed-Method Approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18, 110. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph
Gil-Arias, A., Harvey, S., García-Herreros, F., González-Víllora, S., Práxedes, A., & Moreno, A. (2021). Effect of a hybrid teaching games for understanding/sport education unit on elementary students’ self-determined motivation in physical education. European Physical Education Review, 27(2), 366–383. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X20950174
Goad, T., Towner, B., Jones, E., & Bulger, S. (2019). Instructional Tools for Online Physical Education: Using Mobile Technologies to Enhance Learning. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 90(6), 40–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2019.1614118
Hadyansah, D. (2019). Analisis Motivasi berdasarkan Gender dan Jenis Olahraga. Jurnal Olahraga, 5(1), 66–72. https://doi.org/10.37742/jo.v5i1.96
Hanaris, F. (2023). Peran Guru aalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa: Strategi dan Pendekatan yang Efektif. JKPP (Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Dan Psikologi), 1(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.61397/jkpp.v1i1.9
Hasanah, I., & Rodi’ah, S. (2021). Strategi Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Berbantu Media Book Creator Digital dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Siswa Pada Tingkat Sekolah Dasar. Continuous Education: Journal of Science and Research, 2(2), 23–35. https://doi.org/10.51178/ce.v2i2.225
Hergüner, G., Yaman, Ç., Sari, S. Ç., Yaman, M. S., & Dönmez, A. (2021). The Effect of Online Learning Attitudes of Sports Sciences Students on their Learning Readiness to Learn Online in the Era of the New Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19). In TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology (Vol. 20, Issue 1).
Hidayat, R., & Nugroho, A. (2021). Peran motivasi belajar terhadap partisipasi siswa dalam pendidikan jasmani. Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga Indonesia, 17(2), 112–121. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpoi.v17i2.43210
Jastrow, F., Greve, S., Thumel, M., Diekhoff, H., & Süßenbach, J. (2022). Digital technology in physical education: a systematic review of research from 2009 to 2020. In German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research (Vol. 52, Issue 4, pp. 504–528). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-022-00848-5
Leo, F. M., Mouratidis, A., Pulido, J. J., López-Gajardo, M. A., & Sánchez-Oliva, D. (2022). Perceived teachers’ behavior and students’ engagement in physical education: the mediating role of basic psychological needs and self-determined motivation. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 27(1), 59–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2020.1850667
Macklem, G. L. (2015). Boredom and Its Relation to Non-cognitive Factors: Student Motivation, Self-Regulation, Engagement in Learning, and Related Concepts (pp. 35–43). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13120-7_5
Mittal, S., Mahendra, S., Sanap, V., & Churi, P. (2022). How can machine learning be used in stress management: A systematic literature review of applications in workplaces and education. In International Journal of Information Management Data Insights (Vol. 2, Issue 2). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2022.100110
Nurmalasari, A. (2015). Pengaruh Stress Kerja Terhadap Prestasi Kerja Pegawai Di Kecamatan Malinau Kota Kabupaten Malinau. EJournal Pemerintahan Integratif, 1(3), 102–114.
Nurnindyah, P., Nurnindyah, D., Pramadi, A., & Pandjaitan, L. N. (2023). Teachers' Motivational Support, Academic Self-Efficacy, and Academic Motivation: The SEM Investigation of Naval Cadets' Engagement. Journal of Educational, Health and Community Psychology, 12(3). 2460–8467. https://doi.org/10.12928/jehcp.v12i4.27310
Panganiban, T. D. C. (2023). The role of interest in athletics in promoting students' home-based physical activity engagement amidst the pandemic. Jurnal SPORTIF : Jurnal Penelitian Pembelajaran, 8(3), 150–165. https://doi.org/10.29407/js_unpgri.v8i3.19580
Pawicara, R., & Conilie, M. (2020). Analisis Pembelajaran Daring terhadap Kejenuhan Belajar Mahasiswa Tadris Biologi IAIN Jember di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19. ALVEOLI: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, 1(1), 29–38. https://doi.org/10.35719/alveoli.v1i1.7
Pea, A. A. H., Piri, N., & Lolowang, D. M. (2024). Pengaruh Gaya Mengajar Dan Motor Educability Terhadap Keterampilan Sepak Sila Dalam Permainan Sepak Takraw Mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan Olahraga FIKKM Unima. Olympus: Jurnal Pendidikan Kesehatan Dan Rekreasi UNIMA, 05(01), 10–17. 2774–6917.
Permono, E., Wasitohadi, W., & Sri Rahayu, T. (2018). Upaya Peningkatan Minat Belajar Matematika Dengan Metode Pendidikan Matematika Realistik (Pmr) Siswa Kelas 4 Sd N 1 Wonodoyo. Pendekar : Jurnal Pendidikan Berkarakter, 1(1), 257. https://doi.org/10.31764/pendekar.v1i1.368
Prieto González, P., Rivera-Villafuerte, A., & Canli, U. (2025). Motivation to practice health-oriented physical activity: a comparative study among university students from three countries with different cultures. BMC Public Health, 25, 2626. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23781-2
Roig-Hierro, E., Ríos-Sisó, X., Buscà, F., Guillem, M., & Batalla, A. (2025). The positive impact of physical activity on academic performance among Catalan adolescents. Cogent Education, 12(1), 2497139. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2497139
Rumahlewang, E., Ratnaya, I. G., & Matitaputty, J. (2022). Differences in the Effect of Offline, Blended, and Online Learning in Statistics Learning on Physical Education Students. Jurnal Kependidikan: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian Dan Kajian Kepustakaan Di Bidang Pendidikan, Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran, 8(3), 748. https://doi.org/10.33394/jk.v8i3.5705
Salsabila, J., & Amelia, V. L. (2020). Pengaruh Stretching Exercise Terhadap Kebosanan Dan Kelelahan Belajar Pada Siswa Di Smp Muhammadiyah Kedungbanteng. Jurnal Keperawatan Muhammadiyah, 311–317. https://doi.org/10.30651/jkm.v0i0.5571
Samsudin, A., & Wahyudi, F. (2022). Pendidikan jasmani dan pembentukan karakter peserta didik. Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan dan Pendidikan, 8(1), 45–56. https://doi.org/10.31004/jikp.v8i1.2789
Schiff, N. T., & Supriady, A. (2023). Sports Education Model (SEM) on Students' Motivation and Physical Activity in the Classroom: A Literature Review. Jurnal SPORTIF : Jurnal Penelitian Pembelajaran, 9(1), 40–58. https://doi.org/10.29407/js_unpgri.v9i1.19067
Supriyadi, M. (2018). Pelaksanaan Proses Belajar Mengajar Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga dan Kesehatan pada Sekolah Dasar. Gelanggang Olahraga: Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Dan Olahraga (JPJO), 1(2), 64–73. https://doi.org/10.31539/jpjo.v1i2.136
Tilga, H., Vahtra, K., & Koka, A. (2023). The role of teachers' (de-)motivational styles on students' autonomous motivation in physical education and leisure time. Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.29359/BJHPA.15.4.05
Triansyah, A., & Yanti, N. (2023). Student Interest and Motivation in Physical Education, Sports, and Health after COVID-19. Musamus Journal of Physical Education and Sport (MJPES), 6(1), 181–199. https://doi.org/10.35724/mjpes.v6i1.5561
Ulstad, S. O., Halvari, H., Sørebø, Ø., & Deci, E. L. (2016). Motivation, Learning Strategies, and Performance in Physical Education at Secondary School. Advances in Physical Education, 06(01), 27–41. https://doi.org/10.4236/ape.2016.61004
Wulandari, & Jariono, G. (2022). Upaya Meningkatkan Kebugaran Jasmani Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw. Jurnal Porkes (Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga Kesehatan & Rekreasi), 5(1), 245–259. https://doi.org/10.29408/porkes.v5i1
Yogi Fernando, Popi Andriani, & Hidayani Syam. (2024). Pentingnya Motivasi Belajar Dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa. ALFIHRIS : Jurnal Inspirasi Pendidikan, 2(3), 61–68. https://doi.org/10.59246/alfihris.v2i3.843
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andik Setiawan, Miftakhul Jannah, Abdul Rachman Syam Tuasikal, Fatih Hazar, Nicola LoVecchio