Keywords
Covid-19
Aerobic endurance
How to Cite
Abstract
The use of surgical masks during exercise is still a matter of controversy. Thus the aim of this study was to see the effect of using surgical masks and non masks on heart rate, VO2max and calories during exercise. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a posttest-only crossover design approach. The instrument used in this study was the VO2max test using the Cooper Test (running as far as 2.4 km). The total subjects were 12 healthy men with a mean age of 19.87 ± 1.24 years; height, 166.81 ± 6.31 cm; and weight, 56.30 ± 3.79 kg; BMI, 20.06 ± 0.95 kg / m-2. The results showed that the use of masks during aerobic endurance exercise had no effect on heart rate and VO2max, a significant difference occurred in energy expenditure which included the number of calories while using surgical masks (p = 0.001). Aerobic exercise using a surgical mask and without the use of a mask is safe and possible. Despite the fact that wearing a mask when exercising is a little uncomfortable, the use of a surgical mask has only a small effect on physiological parameters during exercise
References
Azuma, K., Kagi, N., Yanagi, U., & Osawa, H. (2018). Effects of low-level inhalation exposure to carbon dioxide in indoor environments: A short review on human health and psychomotor performance. Environment International, 121(August), 51–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.059
Chandrasekaran, B., & Fernandes, S. (2020). “Exercise with facemask; Are we handling a devil’s sword?”– A physiological hypothesis. January.
Chen, P., Mao, L., Nassis, G. P., Harmer, P., Ainsworth, B. E., & Li, F. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): The need to maintain regular physical activity while taking precautions. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 9(2), 103–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2020.02.001
Chu, D. K., Akl, E. A., Duda, S., Solo, K., Yaacoub, S., Schünemann, H. J., El-harakeh, A., Bognanni, A., Lotfi, T., Loeb, M., Hajizadeh, A., Bak, A., Izcovich, A., Cuello-Garcia, C. A., Chen, C., Harris, D. J., Borowiack, E., Chamseddine, F., Schünemann, F., … Reinap, M. (2020). Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet, 395(10242), 1973–1987. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31142-9
Cowling, B. J. C. K. H. Fa. V. J. C. C. K. Y. (2009). Facemasks and Hand Hygiene to Prevent Influenza Transmission in Households. Annals of Internal Medicine, 151, 437–446.
Epstein, D., Korytny, A., Isenberg, Y., Marcusohn, E., Zukermann, R., Bishop, B., Minha, S., Raz, A., & Miller, A. (2020). Return to training in the COVID-19 era: The physiological effects of face masks during exercise. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13832
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2020). Corona virus disease 2019. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Nomor 9(Pedoman Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar dalam Rangka Percepatan Penanganan Corona Virus DIsease 2019 (COVID-19)), 2–6.
Kyung, S. Y., Kim, Y., Hwang, H., Park, J. W., & Jeong, S. H. (2020). Risks of n95 face mask use in subjects with copd. Respiratory Care, 65(5), 658–664. https://doi.org/10.4187/respcare.06713
Lau, J. T. F., Tsui, H., Lau, M., & Yang, X. (2004). SARS Transmission, Risk Factors, and Prevention in Hong Kong. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 10(4), 587–592. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1004.030628
Lee, H. P., & Wang, D. Y. (2011). Objective assessment of increase in breathing resistance of N95 respirators on human subjects. Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 55(8), 917–921. https://doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/mer065
Leung, N. H. L., Chu, D. K. W., Shiu, E. Y. C., Chan, K. H., McDevitt, J. J., Hau, B. J. P., Yen, H. L., Li, Y., Ip, D. K. M., Peiris, J. S. M., Seto, W. H., Leung, G. M., Milton, D. K., & Cowling, B. J. (2020). Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks. Nature Medicine, 26(5), 676–680. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0843-2
Long, Y., Hu, T., Liu, L., Chen, R., Guo, Q., Yang, L., Cheng, Y., Huang, J., & Du, L. (2020). Effectiveness of N95 respirators versus surgical masks against influenza: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 13(2), 93–101. https://doi.org/10.1111/jebm.12381
Person, E., Lemercier, C., Royer, A., & Reychler, G. (2018). Effect of a surgical mask on six minute walking distance. Revue Des Maladies Respiratoires, 35(3), 264–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2017.01.010
Pifarré, F., Dulanto, D., Grazioli, G., & Yzaguirre, I. De. (2020). COVID-19 and mask in sports. January.
Porcari, J. P., Probst, L., Forrester, K., Doberstein, S., Foster, C., Cress, M. L., & Schmidt, K. (2016). Effect of wearing the elevation training mask on aerobic capacity, lung function, and hematological variables. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 15(2), 379–386. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000488131.38685.16
Rasmussen, S. (2020). Wearing face masks in the community during the COVID-19 pandemic: altruism and solidarity. Ann Oncol, January, 19–21.
Roberge, R. J., Coca, A., Williams, W. J., Powell, J. B., & Palmiero, A. J. (2010). Physiological impact of the n95 filtering facepiece respirator on healthcare workers. Respiratory Care, 55(5), 569–577.
Schrack, J. A., Zipunnikov, V., Goldsmith, J., Bandeen-Roche, K., Crainiceanu, C. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2014). Estimating energy expenditure from heart rate in older adults: A case for calibration. PLoS ONE, 9(4), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093520
Shaw, K., Butcher, S., Ko, J., Zello, G. A., & Chilibeck, P. D. (2020). Wearing of cloth or disposable surgical face masks has no effect on vigorous exercise performance in healthy individuals. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218110
Timpka, T. (2020). Sports Health During the SARS-Cov-2 Pandemic. Sports Medicine, 50(8), 1413–1416. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01288-7
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.