Abstract
Olahraga merupakan aktivitas fisik yang dapat mengontrol kadar glukosa pada pasien diabetes mellitus. Hanya saja, masyarakat kesulitan dalam menemukan konsep untuk menjalankan aktivitas olahraga yang tepat dan menjadi malas dalam beolahraga. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi dan mengedukasi masyarakat tentang bentuk aktivitas fisik yang efektif dan tidak membosankan dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. 27 mahasiswa mengikuti penelitian ini dengan rata-rata umur 19 tahun. Sampel terbagi menjadi 3 kelompok yaitu 9 mahasiswa dengan aktivitas permainan air, 9 mahasiswa dengan aktivitas berenang dan 9 mahasiswa dengan aktivitas jogging. Semua peserta melakukan aktivitas selama 30 menit. Pengecekan glukosa darah menggunakan tenaga ahli kesehatan. Alat yag digunakan untuk mengecek kadar glukosa darah menggunakan Accu Check Active. Hasil penelitian menyajikan data rerata penurunan kadar glukosa darah pada aktivitas permainan air adalah 0,6 mmol/dl, aktivitas renang dan jogging turun 0,5 mmol/dl serta nilai ttabel ketiga kelompok lebih besar dari thitung dan signifikan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, disimpulkan bahwa aktivitas air merupakan bentuk perlakuan fisik yang dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Penelitian ini terbatas pada 3 jenis aktivitas air. Oleh karena itu, penambahan jenis aktivitas air lainnya dapat dipertimbangkan penggunaannya dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa.
References
American Diabetes Association. (2011). Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care, 34(1), 62–69. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc11-S062.
Arnason, T. G., Bowen, M. W., & Mansell, K. D. (2017). Effect of intermittent fasting on health markers in those with type 2 diabetes: A Pilot Study. World Journal Diabetes, 8(4), 154–164. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.i4.154.
Asano, R. Y. (2014). Acute effects of physical exercise in type 2 diabetes: A review. World Journal of Diabetes, 5(5), 659–665. https:/ /doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v5.i5.659.
Bird, S. R., & Hawley, J. A. (2017). Update on the effects of physical activity on insulin sensitivity in humans. BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine, 2(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2016-000143.
Ciolac, E. G., & Guimarães, G. V. (2004). Physical exercise and metabolic syndrome. Rev Bras Med Esporte .10 (4), 325–330.
Colberg, S. R., Sigal, R. J., Fernhall, B., Regensteiner, J. G., Blissmer, B. J., Rubin, R. R., Braun, B. (2010). Exercise and type 2 diabetes: The American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association: Joint position statement. Diabetes Care, 33(12), 147–167. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc10-9990.
Frier, B. M., Schernthaner, G., & Heller, S. R. (2011). Hypoglycemia and Cardiovascular Risks. Diabetes Care, 34(2), 132–137. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc11-s220.
Heiskanen, M. A., Motiani, K. K., Mari, A., Saunavaara, V., Eskelinen, J. J., Virtanen, K. A., Hannukainen, J. C. (2018). Exercise training decreases pancreatic fat content and improves beta cell function regardless of baseline glucose tolerance: a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia, 61(8), 1817–1828. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-018-4627-x.
Jones, L. M., Meredith-Jones, K., & Legge, M. (2009). The effect of water-based exercise on glucose and insulin response in overweight women: A pilot study. Journal of Women’s Health, 18(10), 1653–1659. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2008.1147.
Kasprzak, Z., & Pilaczyńska-Szcześniak, Ł. (2014). Effects of regular physical exercises in the water on the metabolic profile of women with abdominal obesity. Journal of human kinetics, 41(1), 71-79. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2014-0034.
Kelly, T., & Award, W. (2010). Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes from Population to Man to Mechanisms. Diabetes Care, 33(2), 442–449. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc09-0749.
Mainous, A. G., Tanner, R. J., Anton, S. D., Jo, A., & Luetke, M. C. (2017). Physical Activity and Abnormal Blood Glucose Among Healthy Weight Adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 53(1), 42–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2016.11.027.
Maria, S., Katharina, S. S., Bert, A., & Asa, C. (2012). Aquatic Exercise Is Effective in Improving Exercise Performance in Patients with Heart Failure and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/349209.
Norton, L., Norton, K., & Lewis, N. (2012). Exercise training improves fasting glucose control. Journal of Sports Medicine, 3, 209–214.
Rabasa-lhoret, R., & Mb, S. R. (2013). Targets for Glycemic Control Canadian Diabetes Association Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee. Canadian Journal of Diabetes, 37, S31–S34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.01.016.
Roberto, J., Borges, P. S., Agra, K. F., & Pontes, I. A. (2013). Effects of an aquatic physical exercise program on glycemic control and perinatal outcomes of gestational diabetes: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BioMed Central, 14, 1–5.
Roberts, L., Jones, T. W., & Fournier, P. A. (2002). Exercise training and glycemic control in adolescents with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, 15(5), 621-628.
Rohankar, Jagtap, & Kale. (2016). Effect of Swimming, Cycling, Walking and Yoga Exercise on Blood Glucose in Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 5(2), 347–351. https://doi.org/10.21275/v5i2.nov161073.
Scalzo, F., Hao, Q., Walczak, A. M., Hu, X., Hoi, Y., Hoffmann, K. R., & Liebeskind, D. S. (1999). The Relationship Between Glucose and Incident Cardiovascular Events: A metaregression analysis of published data from 20 studies of 95,783 individuals followed for 12.4 years. Diabetes Care, 22, 233–240. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17277-9_37.
Shaw, J. E., Sicree, R. A., & Zimmet, P. Z. (2010). Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Practic, 87, 4–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2009.10.007.
Sideravičiūtė, S., Gailiūnienė, A., Visagurskienė, K., & Vizbaraitė, D. (2006). The effect of long-term swimming program on glycemia control in 14–19-year aged healthy girls and girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Medicina (Kaunas), 42(6), 513-8.
Sigal, R. J., Cep, M. J. A., Bacon, S. L., Boulé, N. G., Dasgupta, K., Kenny, G. P., & Riddell, M. C. (2018). Physical Activity and Diabetes Diabetes Canada Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee. Canadian Journal of Diabetes, 42, 54–63.
Silverstein, J., Klingensmith, G., Copeland, K., Plotnick, L., Kaufman, F., Laffel, L., & Clark, N. (2005). Care of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes care, 28(1), 186-212.
Susanto, E. (2016). Model Permainan Air (Water Fun Games) Untuk Meningkatkan Potensi Berenang Dan Perilaku. Jurnal Pendidikan, 12(2), 12–15.
Umpierre, D., Ribeiro, P. A. ., Kramer, C. K., Leitao, C. B., Zucatti, A. T. N., Azevedo, M. J., Schaan, B. D. (2011). Physical Activity Advice Only or Structured Exercise Training and Association With HbA1c Levels in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA, 305(17), 1790–1799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yspm.2011.12.006.
Valerio, G., Spagnuolo, M. I., Lombardi, F., Spadaro, R., Siano, M., & Franzese, A. (2007). Physical activity and sports participation in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 17(5), 376–382.doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2005.10.012.
World Health Organization. (2018). Noncommunicable diseases country profiles 2018. https://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd-profiles-2018/en/. Diakses pada 6 Juli 2019.
World Health Organization. (2003). Laboratory diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes mellitus.
Yoo, Y., Kim, S., & Song, M. (2013). Effects of muscular and aqua aerobic combined exercise on metabolic indices in elderly women with metabolic syndrome. Journal Exercise Nutrition Biochem, 17(4), 133–141.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.