Keywords
body temperature
heart rate
moderate-intensity continuous training
passive recovery
How to Cite
Abstract
One of the efforts to prevent the overreaching condition is by doing a recovery phase after exercise. The quality and quantity of recovery influence the effectiveness of recovery. The effectiveness of recovery can be observed by heart rate and body temperature after recovery. This study aims to compare active recovery and passive recovery after moderate-intensity continuous training on heart rate and body temperature. The research method used is quasi-experimental and uses a two-group pre and post-test design. Based on the Pocock formula, the research subjects used were 40 women aged 24 years to 35 years. The data collected include heart rate and body temperature. The data analysis techniques used were normality test, treatment effect test (paired sample t-test), and difference test (independent samples t-test). The results showed that active recovery was better than passive recovery to optimizing post-exercise heart rate (p<0.05). Active recovery was better than passive recovery in optimizing body temperature (p<0.05). It was concluded that active recovery after moderate-intensity continuous training was better than passive recovery to optimize post-exercise recovery and prevent overreaching.
References
Andriana, Laily Mita, and Kunjung Ashadi. 2019. “The comparison of two types of exercise in the morning and night to the quality of sleep.” Sportif : Jurnal Penelitian Pembelajaran 5(1). https://doi.org/10.29407/js_unpgri.v5i1.12800
Boeno, Francesco Pinto, Thiago Rozales Ramis, Juliano Boufleur Farinha, Cesar Moritz, Vagner Pereira, Alvaro Reischak De Oliveira, and Bruno Costa Teixeira. 2019. “Hypotensive response to continuous aerobic and high-intensity interval exercise matched by volume in sedentary subjects.” (1):48–54. https://doi.org/10.5935/2359-4802.20180084
Brito, Leandro Campos De, Rafael Yokoyama Fecchio, Aluisio Lima, John Halliwill, Claudia Lucia, De Moraes Forjaz, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, and United States. 2019. “Recommendations in post-exercise hypotension : concerns , best practices and interpretation concerns and approaches : From Design To.” 487–97. https//doi.org/10.1055/a-0938-4415
Calleja-González, Julio, Juan Mielgo-Ayuso, Sergej M. Ostojic, Margaret T. Jones, Diego Marques-Jiménez, Toni Caparros, and Nicolas Terrados. 2019. “Evidence-based post-exercise recovery strategies in rugby: a narrative review.” Physician and Sportsmedicine 47(2):137–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.2018.1541701
Cheikh, Mohamed, Omar Hammouda, Nawel Gaamouri, Tarak Driss, Karim Chamari, Ridha Ben Cheikh, Mohamed Dogui, and Nizar Souissi. 2018. “Melatonin ingestion after exhaustive late-evening exercise improves sleep quality and quantity, and short-term performances in teenage athletes.” Chronobiology International 00(00):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2019.1692348
D’Ascenzi, Flavio, Alessandro Zorzi, Carlotta Sciaccaluga, Umberto Berrettini, Sergio Mondillo, and Michele Brignole. 2020. “Syncope in the young adult and in the athlete: causes and clinical work-up to exclude a life-threatening cardiac disease.” Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research 13(3):322–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12265-020-09989-0
Davis, Holly Louisa, Samer Alabed, and Timothy James Ainsley Chico. 2020. “Effect of sports massage on performance and recovery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 6(1):e000614. https//doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000614
Djaoui, Léo, Monoem Haddad, Karim Chamari, and Alexandre Dellal. 2017. “Monitoring training load and fatigue in soccer players with physiological markers.” Physiology and Behavior 181:86–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.09.004
Doering, Thomas M., Gregory R. Cox, José L. Areta, and Vernon G. Coffey. 2019. “Repeated muscle glycogen supercompensation with four days’ recovery between exhaustive exercise.” Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 22(8):907–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2019.03.009
Eccles, David W., and Alexander W. Kazmier. 2019. “The psychology of rest in athletes: an empirical study and initial model.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 44(February):90–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.05.007
Edilma, Maria, D. A. Silva, Lysleine Alves D. E. Deus, Thiago Dos, Santos Rosa, Edson Eduardo, Leal Da, Herbert Gustavo Simões, and Elaine Vieira. 2017. “Acute effects of cycling exercise on post-exercise blood pressure in individuals with down syndrome.” 18(4):61–66. https://doi.org/10.1515/humo-2017-0036
Feijen, Stef, Angela Tate, Kevin Kuppens, Lorna A. Barry, and Filip Struyf. 2020. “Monitoring the swimmer’s training load: a narrative review of monitoring strategies applied in research.” Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 30(11):2037–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13798
Fox, Jordan L., Robert Stanton, Charli Sargent, Sally Anne Wintour, and Aaron T. Scanlan. 2018. “The association between training load and performance in team sports: a systematic review.” Sports Medicine 48(12):2743–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0982-5
Giudice, Michael, Jacob T. Bonafiglia, Hashim Islam, Nicholas Preobrazenski, Alessandra Amato, and Brendon J. Gurd. 2020. “Investigating the reproducibility of maximal oxygen uptake responses to high-intensity interval training.” Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 23(1):94–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2019.09.007
Hamlin, Michael John, Danielle Wilkes, Catherine A. Elliot, Catherine A. Lizamore, and Yaso Kathiravel. 2019. “Monitoring training loads and perceived stress in young elite university athletes.” Frontiers in Physiology 10(JAN):1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00034
Hooren, Bas, and Jonathan M. Peake. 2018. “Do we need a cool-down after exercise? a narrative review of the psychophysiological effects and the effects on performance, injuries and the long-term adaptive response.” Sports Medicine 48(7):1575–95. https//doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0916-2
Howle, Kieran, Adam Waterson, and Rob Duffield. 2019. “Recovery profiles following single and multiple matches per week in professional football.” European Journal of Sport Science 19(10):1303–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1601260
Jafari, Rahmat Ali, Arsalan Damirchi, Bahman Mirzaei, and Julio Calleja-gonzalez. 2021. “Responses of blood lactate concentration , heart rate , and blood pressure using three active recovery methods versus passive recovery after an exhaustive exercise in.” 1(02):35–53. https//doi.org/10.22089/JEHS.2021.9629.1014
Jaya, I. Made, and I. Nengah Sandi. 2019. “Post exercise hypotension dan efek pendinginan selama 10 menit pada tekanan darah siswa setelah latihan.” E-JURNAL MEDIKA 8(3):1–6.
Jones, Matthew D., Muhammad Munir, Anna Wilkonski, Kelly Ng, Guy Beynon, and Andrew Keech. 2020. “Post-exercise hypotension time-course is influenced by exercise intensity: a randomised trial comparing moderate-intensity, high-intensity, and sprint exercise.” Journal of Human Hypertension. https//doi.org/ 0.1038/s41371-020-00421-3
Katzmarzyk, Peter T., Robert Ross, Steven N. Blair, and Jean Pierre Després. 2020. “Should we target increased physical activity or less sedentary behavior in the battle against cardiovascular disease risk development?” Atherosclerosis. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.07.010
Kehler, Dustin Scott, and Olga Theou. 2019. “The impact of physical activity and sedentary behaviors on frailty levels.” Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 180(November 2018):29–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mad.2019.03.004
Machado, Alexandre Fernandes, Alexandre Lopes Evangelista, João Marcelo de Queiroz Miranda, Cauê Vazquez La Scala Teixeira, Gerson dos Santos Leite, Roberta Luksevicius Rica, Aylton Figueira Junior, Julien Steven Baker, and Danilo Sales Bocalini. 2018. “Sweat rate measurements after high intensity interval training using body weight.” Revista Brasileira de Medicina Do Esporte 24(3):197–201. https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220182403178641
Marrier, Bruno, Julien Robineau, Julien Piscione, Mathieu Lacome, Alexis Peeters, Christophe Hausswirth, Jean BenoÎt Morin, and Yann Le Meur. 2017. “Supercompensation kinetics of physical qualities during a taper in team-sport athletes.” International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12(9):1163–69. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0607
Martignetti, Arianna, Jessyca Arthur-Cameselle, Linda Keeler, and Gordon Chalmers. 2020. “The relationship between burnout and depression in intercollegiate athletes: an examination of gender and sport-type.” Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education 14(2):100–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/19357397.2020.1768036
McLaren, Shaun J., Tom W. Macpherson, Aaron J. Coutts, Christopher Hurst, Iain R. Spears, and Matthew Weston. 2018. “The relationships between internal and external measures of training load and intensity in team sports: a meta-analysis.” Sports Medicine 48(3):641–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0830-z
Meade, Robert D., Naoto Fujii, Martin P. Poirier, Pierre Boulay, Ronald J. Sigal, and Glen P. Kenny. 2018. “Oxidative stress does not influence local sweat rate during high-intensity exercise.” Experimental Physiology 103(2):172–78. https://doi.org/10.1113/EP086746
Meade, Robert D., Sean R. Notley, Andrew W. D’Souza, Sheila Dervis, Pierre Boulay, Ronald J. Sigal, and Glen P. Kenny. 2019. “Interactive effects of age and hydration state on human thermoregulatory function during exercise in hot-dry conditions.” Acta Physiologica 226(1):0–1. https://doi.org/10.1111/apha.13226
Miller, D. J., C. Sargent, G. D. Roach, A. T. Scanlan, G. E. Vincent, and M. Lastella. 2020. “Moderate-intensity exercise performed in the evening does not impair sleep in healthy males.” European Journal of Sport Science 20(1):80–89.https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1611934
Morales, Jose, Vicenç Roman, Alexandre Yáñez, Mònica Solana-Tramunt, Juan Álamo, and Antón Fíguls. 2019a. “Physiological and psychological changes at the end of the soccer season in elite female athletes.” Journal of Human Kinetics 66(1):99–109. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2018-0051
Morales, Jose, Vicenç Roman, Alexandre Yáñez, Mònica Solana-Tramunt, Juan Álamo, and Antón Fíguls. 2019b. “Section ii-exercise physiology & sports medicine physiological and psychological changes at the end of the soccer season in elite female athletes.” Journal of Human Kinetics 66:99–109. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2018-0051
Peake, Jonathan M., Oliver Neubauer, Neil P. Walsh, and Richard J. Simpson. 2017. “Recovery of the immune system after exercise.” Journal of Applied Physiology 122(5):1077–87. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00622.2016
Pimenta, Flávia C., Fábio Tanil Montrezol, Victor Zuniga Dourado, Luís Fernando Marcelino da Silva, Gabriela Alves Borba, Wesley de Oliveira Vieira, and Alessandra Medeiros. 2019. “High-intensity interval exercise promotes post-exercise hypotension of greater magnitude compared to moderate-intensity continuous exercise.” European Journal of Applied Physiology 119(5):1235–43. https://10.1007/s00421-019-04114-9
Pryor, Riana R., J. Luke Pryor, Lesley W. Vandermark, Elizabeth L. Adams, Rachel M. Brodeur, Lawrence E. Armstrong, Elaine C. Lee, Carl M. Maresh, Jeffrey M. Anderson, and Douglas J. Casa. 2019. “Exacerbated heat strain during consecutive days of repeated exercise sessions in heat.” Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 22(10):1084–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2019.06.003
Reichel, Thomas, Tim K. Boßlau, Jana Palmowski, Klaus Eder, Robert Ringseis, Frank C. Mooren, Rüdiger Walscheid, Evita Bothur, Stefan Samel, Torsten Frech, Marc Philippe, and Karsten Krüger. 2020. “Reliability and suitability of physiological exercise response and recovery markers.” 10:11924. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69280-9
Romero, Steven A., Christopher T. Minson, and Xjohn R. Halliwill. 2017. “The cardiovascular system after exercise.” Journal of Applied Physiology 122(4):925–32. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00802.2016
Scartoni, Fabiana Rodrigues, Leandro de Oliveira Sant’Ana, Eric Murillo-Rodriguez, Tetsuya Yamamoto, Claudio Imperatori, Henning Budde, Jeferson Macedo Vianna, and Sergio Machado. 2020. “Physical exercise and immune system in the elderly: implications and importance in covid-19 pandemic period.” Frontiers in Psychology 11(November). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.593903
Schaun, Gustavo Z., Stephanie S. Pinto, Mariana R. Silva, Davi B. Dolinski, and Cristine L. Alberton. 2018. “Whole-body high-intensity interval training induce similar cardiorespiratory adaptations compared with traditional high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training in healthy men.” Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 32(10):2730–42. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002594
Stöggl, Thomas Leonhard, Pedro Jiménez Reyes, David Christopher Nieman, Robert Collette, Michael Kellmann, Alexander Ferrauti, Tim Meyer, and Mark Pfeiffer. 2018. “Relation between training load and recovery-stress state in high-performance swimming.” https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00845
Wada, Naoya, Kodo Ito, and Toshio Nakagawa. 2020. “Optimal training plans on physical performance considering supercompensation.” Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 49(15):3761–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2020.1722845
Waldron, Mark, Rebecca Fowler, Shane Heffernan, Jamie Tallent, Liam Kilduff, and Owen Jeffries. 2021. “Effects of heat acclimation and acclimatisation on maximal aerobic capacity compared to exercise alone in both thermoneutral and hot environments: a meta-analysis and meta-regression.” Sports Medicine 51(7):1509–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01445-6
Wen, Daizong, Till Utesch, Jun Wu, Samuel Robertson, John Liu, Guopeng Hu, and Haichun Chen. 2019. “Effects of different protocols of high intensity interval training for vo2max improvements in adults: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.” Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 22(8):941–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2019.01.013
Zeller, Sebastian, Thomas Abel, and Heiko K. Strueder. 2017. “Monitoring training load in handcycling: a case study.” Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 31(11):3094–3100. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001786
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.