Keywords
Continuous exercise
Moderate-intensity
Obese females
How to Cite
Abstract
This study aims to prove an increase in the expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) after moderate-intensity continuous exercise in obese females. The present study employed a true-experimental with the randomized control group pretest-posttest design. A total of 12 obese females were enrolled in this study and given moderate-intensity continuous exercise. Continuous exercise was done with an intensity of 60-70% HRmax for 40 minutes using a treadmill. The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method was used to examine the expression of UCP-1. Data were analyzed using independent samples t-test with statistics packet for social science (SPSS) software version 17. The results obtained mean UCP-1 expression on K1 between pre-exercise (3.68±0.46) ng/mL, post-exercise (3.73±0.69) ng/mL and (p=0.875). Mean UCP-1 expression on K2 between pre-exercise (3.64±1.52) ng/mL, post-exercise (6.83±0.64) ng/mL and (p=0.001). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there is an increase in UCP-1 expression between before and after moderate-intensity continuous exercise in obese females. Future studies are suggested to compare the effect of acute exercise with moderate intensity chronic exercise on increasing UCP-1 expression in obese females.
References
Akpinar, E., Bashan, I., Bozdemir, N. & Saatci, E. (2007). Which is the best anthropometric technique to identify obesity: body mass index, waist circumference or waist-hip ratio?. Collegium antropologicum, 31(2), 387–393.
Aktar, N., Qureshi, N.K. & Ferdous, H.S. (2017). Obesity: A Review of Pathogenesis and Management Strategies in Adult. Delta Medical College Journal, 5(1): 35-48. https://doi.org/10.3329/dmcj.v5i1.31436.
Aldiss, P., Betts, J., Sale, C., Pope, M., Budge, H., & Symonds, M. E. (2018). Exercise-induced 'browning' of adipose tissues. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 81, 63–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2017.11.009
Befroy, D. E., Petersen, K. F., Dufour, S., Mason, G. F., Rothman, D. L., & Shulman, G. I. (2008). Increased substrate oxidation and mitochondrial uncoupling in skeletal muscle of endurance-trained individuals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105(43), 16701–16706. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0808889105.
Bhurosy, T., & Jeewon, R. (2014). Overweight and obesity epidemic in developing countries: a problem with diet, physical activity, or socioeconomic status? ScientificWorldJournal, 2014, 964236. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/964236.
Brondani, L.A., Assmann, T.S., Duarte, G.C.K., Gross, J.L., Canani, L.H., & Crispim, D. (2012). The role of the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) on the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia, 56, 215-225. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-27302012000400001.
Boström, P., Wu, J., Jedrychowski, M.P., Korde, A., Ye, L., Lo, J.C., Rasbach, K.A., Boström, E.A., Choi, J.H., Long, J.Z., Kajimura, S., Zingaretti, M.C., Vind, B.F., Tu, H., Cinti, S., Hojlund, K., Gygi, S.P. & Spiegelman, B.M. (2012). A PGC1α-dependent myokine that drives browning of white fat and thermogenesis. Nature, 481(7382), 463–468. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10777.A.
Brandao, C., de Carvalho, F. G., Souza, A. O., Junqueira-Franco, M., Batitucci, G., Couto-Lima, C. A., Fett, C. A., Papoti, M., Freitas, E. C., Alberici, L. C., & Marchini, J. S. (2019). Physical training, UCP1 expression, mitochondrial density, and coupling in adipose tissue from women with obesity. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 29(11), 1699–1706. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13514.
Chooi, Y.C., Ding, C. & Magkos, F. (2019). The epidemiology of obesity. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental, 92, 6–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2018.09.005.
Daskalopoulou, S.S., Daskalopoulou, S.S., Cooke, A.B., Gomez, Y.H., Mutter, A.F., Filippaios, A., Mesfum, E.T. and Mantzoros, C.S. (2014). Plasma irisin levels progressively increase in response to increasing exercise workloads in young, healthy, active subjects. European Journal of Endocrinology, 171(3), 343–352. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-14-0204.
de Queiroz, K.B., Rodovalho, G.V., Guimarães, J.B., de Lima, D.C., Coimbra, C.C., Evangelista, E.A., & Guerra-Sá, R. (2012). Endurance training blocks uncoupling protein 1 up-regulation in brown adipose tissue while increasing uncoupling protein 3 in the muscle tissue of rats fed with a high-sugar diet. Nutrition Research, 32, 709-717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2012.06.020.
Dewal, R.S., & Stanford, K.I. (2019). Effects of exercise on brown and beige adipocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 1864(1), 71-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.04.013.
Dinas, P. C., Lahart, I. M., Timmons, J. A., Svensson, P. A., Koutedakis, Y., Flouris, A. D., & Metsios, G. S. (2017). Effects of physical activity on the link between PGC-1a and FNDC5 in muscle, circulating Ιrisin and UCP1 of white adipocytes in humans: A systematic review. F1000Research, 6, 286. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11107.2.
Fatouros, I.G. (2018). Is irisin the new player in exercise-induced adaptations or not? A 2017 update. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 56(4), 525–548. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2017-0674.
Flouris, A.D., Dinas, P.C., Valente, A., Andrade, C.M.B., Kawashita, N.H., Sakellariou, P. (2017). Exercise-induced effects on UCP1 expression in classical brown adipose tissue: a systematic review. Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation, 31(2), 20160048. https://doi.org/10.1515/hmbci-2016-0048.
Huh J. Y. (2018). The role of exercise-induced myokines in regulating metabolism. Archives of pharmacal research, 41(1), 14–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-017-0994-y.
Jabbour, G., & Iancu, H. D. (2017). High-intensity exercise training does not influence body weight but improves lipid oxidation in obese adults: a 6-week RCT. BMJ open sport & exercise medicine, 3(1), e000283. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000283.
Kim, N., Kim, J., Yoo, C., Lim, K., Akimoto, T., & Park, J. (2018). Effect of acute mid-intensity treadmill exercise on the androgen hormone level and uncoupling protein-1 expression in brown fat tissue of mouse. Journal of Exercise Nutrition & Biochemistry, 22(1), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.20463/jenb.2018.0003.
Kim, SH., & Plutzky, J. (2016). Brown Fat and Browning for the Treatment of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders. Diabetes & Metabolism Journal, 40(1):12-21. https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2016.40.1.12.
Mitchell, S., & Shaw, D. (2015). The worldwide epidemic of female obesity. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 29(3), 289–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2014.10.002.
Moreno-Navarrete, J. M., Ortega, F., Serrano, M., Guerra, E., Pardo, G., Tinahones, F., Ricart, W. & Fernandez-Real, J.M. (2013). Irisin is expressed and produced by human muscle and adipose tissue in association with obesity and insulin resistance. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 98(4), 769–778. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-2749.
Nimptsch, K., Konigorski, S. & Pischon, T., (2019). Diagnosis of obesity and use of obesity biomarkers in science and clinical medicine. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental. 92, 61-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2018.12.006.
Nuttall, F.Q. (2015). Body Mass Index: Obesity, BMI, and Health. Nutrition Today, 50(3), 117–128. https://doi.org/10.1097/NT.0000000000000092.
Oh, K-J., Lee, D., Kim, W., Han, B., Lee, S., & Bae, K-H. (2017). Metabolic Adaptation in Obesity and Type II Diabetes: Myokines, Adipokines and Hepatokines. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18010008.
Otero-Díaz, B., Rodríguez-Flores, M., Sánchez-Muñoz, V., Monraz-Preciado, F., Ordoñez-Ortega, S., Becerril-Elias, V., Baay-Guzmán, G., Obando-Monge, R., García-García, E., Palacios-González, B., Villarreal-Molina, M. T., Sierra-Salazar, M., & Antuna-Puente, B. (2018). Exercise Induces White Adipose Tissue Browning Across the Weight Spectrum in Humans. Frontiers in physiology, 9, 1781. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01781.
Perakakis, N., Triantafyllou, G.A., Fernández-Real, J.M., Huh, J.Y., Park, K.H., Seufert, J. & Mantzoros, C.S. (2017). Physiology and role of irisin in glucose homeostasis. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 13(6), 324–337. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2016.221.
Purdom, T., Kravitz, L., Dokladny, K., & Mermier, C. (2018). Understanding the factors that effect maximal fat oxidation. J Int Soc Sports Nutr, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-018-0207-1.
Rahmat, I.C., & Raharjo, S. (2018). Hubungan Aktifitas Fisik Dengan Kejadian Obesitas Pada Wanita Di Kota Malang. Skripsi. Malang: Universitas Negeri Malang.
Reisi, J., Ghaedi, K., Rajabi, H., & Marandi, S. M. (2016). Can Resistance Exercise Alter Irisin Levels and Expression Profiles of FNDC5 and UCP1 in Rats?. Asian journal of sports medicine, 7(4), e35205. https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm.35205.
Rejeki, P.S., Pranoto, A., Prasetya, R.E., & Sugiharto. (2021). Irisin serum increasing pattern is higher at moderate-intensity continuous exercise than at moderate-intensity interval exercise in obese females. Comparative Exercise Physiology. Article In Press. https://doi.org/10.3920/CEP200050.
Riskesdas. (2018). Laporan Nasional Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI. Available at: http://www.kesmas.kemkes.go.id.
Rui, X., Yan, Y., & Xie, M. (2017). Effects of Acute Exercises of Different Intensities on the FNDC5 and UCP-1 Expression in Epididymal WAT of Rats. Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine, 36(12), 1052–1058.
Rodrigues, K.C.C., Pereira, R.M., Campos, T.D.P., Moura, R.F., Silva, A.S.R., Cintra, D.E., Ropelle, E.R., Pauli, J.R., Araújo, M.B., & Moura, L.P. (2018). The Role of Physical Exercise to Improve the Browning of White Adipose Tissue via POMC Neurons. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 12(8). https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2018.00088.
Sanchez-Delgado, G., Martinez-Tellez, B., Olza, J., Aguilera, C.M., Gil, Á., & Ruiz, J.R. (2015). Role of Exercise in the Activation of Brown Adipose Tissue. Ann Nutr Metab, 67(1), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.1159/000437173.
Sudargo, T., Freitag, H., Rosiyani, F., & Kusmayanti, N.A. (2016). Pola Makan dan Obesitas. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Sugiharto. (2012). Fisioneurohormonal pada Stresor Olahraga. Jurnal Sains Psikologi, 2(2), 54–66.
Tsuchiya, Y., Ando, D., Goto, K., Kiuchi, M., Yamakita, M. and Koyama, K. (2014). High-intensity exercise causes greater irisin response compared with low-intensity exercise under similar energy consumption. The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine, 233(2), 135–40. https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.233.135.
Tsuchiya, Y., Ando, D., Takamatsu, K. and Goto, K. (2015). Resistance exercise induces a greater irisin response than endurance exercise. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental, 64(9), 1042–1050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2015.05.010.
World Health Organization (WHO). 2016. Obesity and overweight. Geneva: WHO Press. Diakses 20 Juni 2020 dalam https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight.
Zhang, J., Valverde, P., Zhu, X., Murray, D., Wu, Y., Yu, L., Jiang, H., Dard, M. M., Huang, J., Xu, Z., Tu, Q., & Chen, J. (2017). Exercise-induced irisin in bone and systemic irisin administration reveal new regulatory mechanisms of bone metabolism. Bone research, 5, 16056. https://doi.org/10.1038/boneres.2016.56.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2021 sugiharto, Banih Sakti Adji; Desiana Merawati, Adi Pranoto (Author)