Abstract
Learning to improve sports skills takes a long time to master. Assistive devices and modifications to training time are needed to improve students' abilities. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of use by modifying exercises that can help in mastering forehand groundstroke skills in sports students learning court tennis. The subjects of the study were 48 sports students, with male gender. The method of dividing subjects into treatment groups is to match pairs in consideration of Pretest scores before treatment. This research instrument uses Kemp-Vincent Rally Test with validity levels of 0.80 and 0.93 while reliability is 0.90 and 0.86. The data analysis technique uses a paired t-test with a signification level of α = 0.05. Test the normality and homogeneity of groundstroke skills using the Bartlet test. The analysis of these results showed that boteli exercises with a weekly frequency of twice affected forehand groundstroke skills. Second-time comparison of sig data results. (2-tailed), values 0.000 < 0.05. This means h0 rejected h1 is acceptable, so it can be concluded that the frequency of exercise a week is twice as good as the frequency of exercise once a week in influencing boteli exercise to improve the reliability of tennis groundstroke forehand rally. This study concludes that providing equipment modifications and training time can improve the ability of sports students to master rally forehand groundstroke skills.
References
Athanailidis, I. (2020). Finding tennis talents in Greece. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 15(Proc4), 1030–1034. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2020.15.Proc4.05
Bakhtiar, S., Harris Sujae, I., Kudo, S., Rizal Wan Zakaria, W., Ong, A., & Hamill, J. (2020). Developing a system to determine impact force in tennis. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1528(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1528/1/012054
Bean, C., Kramers, S., Forneris, T., & Camiré, M. (2018). The Implicit/Explicit Continuum of Life Skills Development and Transfer. Quest, 70(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2018.1451348
Behm, D. G., & Carter, T. B. (2020). Effect of Exercise-Related Factors on the Perception of Time. Frontiers in Physiology, 11(July), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00770
Biçer, M. (2021). The effect of an eight-week strength training program supported with functional sports equipment on male volleyball players’ anaerobic and aerobic power. Science and Sports, 36(2), 137.e1-137.e9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2020.02.006
Bompa, T. O., & Buzzichelli, C. A. (2019). Periodization: Theory and Methodology of Training. In Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling.
Budi, D. R., Syafei, M., Nanang, M., Kusuma, H., Suhartoyo, T., Hidayat, R., & Deri, A. (2020). Pengaruh metode latihan terhadap peningkatan hasil pukulan forehand dan backhand tenis lapangan. Jurnal SPORTIF: Jurnal Penelitian Pembelajaran, 6(1).
Buszard, T., Farrow, D., Reid, M., & Masters, R. S. W. (2014). Modifying equipment in early skill development: A tennis perspective. In Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport (Vol. 85, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2014.893054
Buszard, T., Garofolini, A., Reid, M., Farrow, D., Oppici, L., & Whiteside, D. (2020). Scaling sports equipment for children promotes functional movement variability. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59475-5
Coe, I., & Behavior, M. (2021). The effects of leg preference and leg dominance on static and dynamic balance performance in highly-trained tennis players. 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259854
Colomar, J., Baiget, E., & Corbi, F. (2020). Influence of Strength, Power, and Muscular Stiffness on Stroke Velocity in Junior Tennis Players. Frontiers in Physiology, 11(March), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00196
De Almeida Carvalhais, C. K., Da Silva, S. L., Tani, G., & Cesar Corrêa, U. (2021). The effects of perceived competence and self-controlled goal setting on motor learning. Human Movement, 22(4), 56–67. https://doi.org/10.5114/hm.2021.103290
Fauzi, D., Hanif, A. S., & Siregar, N. M. (2021). The effect of a game-based mini tennis training model on improving the skills of groundstroke forehand drive tennis. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 21. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2021.s4311
Fett, J., Oberschelp, N., Vuong, J. L., Wiewelhove, T., & Ferrauti, A. (2021). Kinematic characteristics of the tennis serve from the ad and deuce court service positions in elite junior players. PLoS ONE, 16(7 July), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252650
Fitzpatrick, A., Davids, K., & Stone, J. A. (2017). Effects of Lawn Tennis Association mini tennis as task constraints on children’s match-play characteristics. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35(22), 2204–2210. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1261179
Furuya, R., Yokoyama, H., Dimic, M., Yanai, T., Vogt, T., & Kanosue, K. (2021). Difference in racket head trajectory and muscle activity between the standard volley and the drop volley in tennis. PLoS ONE, 16(9 September 2021), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257295
Gandasari, M. F., Samodra, Y. T. J., Yosika, G. F., Sastaman B, P., & Puspita Wati, I. D. (2023). Implementasi rally 3 menit untuk meningkatkan pukulan forehand. Journal of SPORT (Sport, Physical Education, Organization, Recreation, and Training), 7(1). https://doi.org/10.37058/sport.v7i1.6465
Giles, B., & Reid, M. (2021). Applying the brakes in tennis: How entry speed affects the movement and hitting kinematics of professional tennis players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 39(3), 259–266. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1816287
Giménez-Egido, J. M., Ortega, E., Verdu-Conesa, I., Cejudo, A., & Torres-Luque, G. (2020). Using Smart Sensors to Monitor Physical Activity and Technical–Tactical Actions in Junior Tennis Players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), 1068. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17031068
Gould, D., Nalepa, J., & Mignano, M. (2020). Coaching Generation Z Athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 32(1), 104–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2019.1581856
Hadžić, V., Germič, A., & Filipčič, A. (2021). Validity and reliability of a novel monitoring sensor for the quantification of the hitting load in tennis. PLoS ONE, 16(7 July), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255339
Id, N. S. K., Huijgen, B. C. H., Visscher, C., & Elferink-gemser, M. T. (2021). The value of technical characteristics for future performance in youth tennis players : A prospective study. 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245435
Imbach, F., Sutton-Charani, N., Montmain, J., Candau, R., & Perrey, S. (2022). The Use of Fitness-Fatigue Models for Sport Performance Modelling: Conceptual Issues and Contributions from Machine-Learning. Sports Medicine - Open, 8(1), 4–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-022-00426-x
Inoue, K., Fujioka, S., Nagaki, K., Suenaga, M., Kimura, K., Yonekura, Y., Yamaguchi, Y., Kitano, K., Imamura, R., Uehara, Y., Kikuchi, H., Matsunaga, Y., & Tsuboi, Y. (2021). Table tennis for patients with Parkinson’s disease: A single-center, prospective pilot study. Clinical Parkinsonism and Related Disorders, 4(November 2020), 100086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prdoa.2020.100086
Karadut, A. P. (2012). Effects of E. L. Thorndike’s Theory of Connectionism Rudiments on Developing Cello Playing Skills for Beginners. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.413
Kim, J., & Xie, X. (2021). Teaching Tennis Footwork Techniques in School Physical Education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 92(7). https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2021.1948465
Kovalchik, S., & Reid, M. (2018). A shot taxonomy in the era of tracking data in professional tennis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(18), 2096–2104. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1438094
Kramers, S., Camiré, M., Ciampolini, V., & Milistetd, M. (2022). Development of a Life Skills Self-Assessment Tool for Coaches. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/21520704.2021.1888832
Landlinger, J., Lindinger, S. J., Stöggl, T., Wagner, H., & MüLler, E. (2010). Kinematic differences of elite and high-performance tennis players in the cross court and down the line forehand. Sports Biomechanics, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2010.535841
Larson, E. J., & Guggenheimer, J. D. (2013). The effects of scaling tennis equipment on the forehand groundstroke performance of children. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 12(2), 323–331.
Manzoor, S., Joo, S., Rocha, Y. G., & Kuc, T. (2020). Semantic Knowledge / Technologies in Robot Systems : A Survey. Preprints, August, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/appxx010005
Mischenko, N., Kolokoltsev, M., Romanova, E., Vorozheikin, A., Bolotin, A., Vyazovichenko, Y., & Timchenko, N. (2021). «Help» methodology for improving coordination training effectiveness in acrobatics sports. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 21(6), 3504–3510. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2021.06474
Murphy, J., Sweeney, M. R., & McGrane, B. (2022). The effect of a games-based intervention on wellbeing in adolescent girls. Health Education Journal, 81(4), 463–478. https://doi.org/10.1177/00178969221090583
Nista-Piccolo, V., Zaffalon Júnior, J. R., Nascimento, M. C., Sartori, M., & Angelis, K. De. (2019). Heart rate variability in tennis players. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Do Esporte, 25(3), 202–206. https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220192503192561
Noghondar, N. V., Sohrabi, M., Taheri, H. R., Kobravi, H. R., & Khodashenas, E. (2021). The effect of training on variability and accuracy of overhand throwing in children with Down syndrome. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 67(4), 237–244. https://doi.org/10.1080/20473869.2019.1574388
Roetert, Paul, E., & Kovacs, M. S. (2011). Tennis Anatomy. In L. Garcia,Plotzke (Ed.), Human Kinetics (First). Human Kinetics.
Sanchez-Sanchez, J., Gonzalo-Skok, O., Carretero, M., Pineda, A., Ramirez-Campillo, R., & Nakamura, F. Y. (2019). Effects of concurrent eccentric overload and high-intensity interval training on team sports players’ performance. Kinesiology, 51(1), 119–126. https://doi.org/10.26582/K.51.1.14
Shimokawa, R., Nelson, A., & Zois, J. (2020). Does ground-reaction force influence post-impact ball speed in the tennis forehand groundstroke? Sports Biomechanics, 00(00), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2019.1705884
Söǧüt, M., Kirazci, S., & Korkusuz, F. (2012). The effects of rhythm training on tennis performance. Journal of Human Kinetics, 33(1). https://doi.org/10.2478/v10078-012-0051-3
Tomkinson, G. R., Kidokoro, T., Dufner, T. J., Noi, S., Fitzgerald, J. S., & Brown-Borg, H. M. (2021). Temporal trends in 6-minute walking distance for older Japanese adults between 1998 and 2017. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 10(4), 462–469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2020.06.007
Wang, Z. (2021). Evaluation Method of the Influence of Sports Training on Physical Index Based on Deep Learning. Security and Communication Networks, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6924262
Yasriuddin., W. (2017). Tenis Lapangan Metode Mengajar & Teknik Dasar Bermain. In Yogyakarta: Andi.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.