Implementation of The Certainty Factor Method in The Expert System For Early Diagnosis of Dyslexia in Childhood
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29407/intensif.v7i1.18433Keywords:
Dyslexia, Expert System, Certainty Factor, Disorders in ChildrenAbstract
Dyslexia is a condition in which a person has difficulty (especially) in areas related to learning abilities such as reading, writing, and arithmetic or matters relating to numbers. This condition is not the skills expected of people with chronological age and normal intelligence abilities or IQ (quality of intelligence). This condition is sometimes not realized by parents and only consider their child slightly delayed, even though it is under standard (minimum) abilities at his age. Therefore, a platform using an expert system with the Certainty Factor method was created to help parents detect early whether their child has dyslexia or not and find out what type of dyslexia the child is experiencing. The types of dyslexia that will be included in this study include surface dyslexia, phonological dyslexia, rapid naming deficit, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia. The white box results found that the system was in line with expectations because it had a low level of risk.
Downloads
References
H. R. Myklebust and D. Johnson, “Dyslexia in children,” Except. Child., vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 14–26, 1962, doi: 10.1177/001440296202900103.
S. E. Shaywitz and B. A. Shaywitz, “Dyslexia (specific reading disability),” Biol. Psychiatry, vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 1301–1309, 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.01.043.
A. Fawcett and R. Nicolson, Dyslexia in children. Routledge, 2017.
I. Rachmawati, K. D. Soegondo, and P. Solek, “Demographic characteristics, behavioral problems, andiq profileof children with dyslexia at dyslexia association of indonesia from january-june 2019: a quantitative study,” J. Pendidik. Bitara UPSI, vol. 12, pp. 68–79, 2019.
I. Permanasari, “Mereka (Tetap) Anak Pintar...,” Kompas.com, p. accessed Jun. 20, 2022, 2010.
F. Rahman, “Perancangan Aplikasi Sistem Pakar Dengan Menggunakan Metode Certainty Factor Untuk Menentukan Jenis Gangguan Disleksia Berbasis Web,” J. Inkofar, vol. 1, no. 1, 2017, doi: 10.46846/jurnalinkofar.v1i1.4.
B. Weekes, “Surface dyslexia and surface dysgraphia: Treatment studies and their theoretical implications,” Cogn. Neuropsychol., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 277–315, 1996, doi: 10.1080/026432996382033.
M. Coltheart, J. Masterson, S. Byng, M. Prior, and J. Riddoch, “Surface dyslexia,” Q. J. Exp. Psychol., vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 469–495, 1983, doi: 10.1080/14640748308402483.
C. M. Temple and J. C. Marshall, “A case study of developmental phonological dyslexia,” Br. J. Psychol., vol. 74, no. 4, pp. 517–533, 1983, doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1983.tb01883.x.
P. Bajre and A. Khan, “Developmental dyslexia in Hindi readers: Is consistent sound‐symbol mapping an asset in reading? Evidence from phonological and visuospatial working memory,” Dyslexia, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 390–410, 2019, doi: 10.1002/dys.1632.
M. Coltheart, “Phonological dyslexia: Past and future issues.,” Cogn. Neuropsychol., 1996, doi: 10.1080/026432996381791.
C. M. Leonard et al., “Anatomical risk factors for phonological dyslexia,” Cereb. cortex, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 148–157, 2001, doi: 10.1093/cercor/11.2.148.
J. J. Tree and J. Kay, “Phonological dyslexia and phonological impairment: An exception to the rule?,” Neuropsychologia, vol. 44, no. 14, pp. 2861–2873, 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.06.006.
C. Cahyadi, “Sistem Pakar Diagnosa Gangguan Belajar Khusus (Learning Disability) Pada Anak Dengan Metode Dempster-Shafer (Ds).” Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, 2015.
C. F. Liana and B. Sinaga, “Sistem Pakar Diagnosa Penyakit Dyslexia pada Anak dengan Metode Naive Bayes Berbasis Web,” J. Ilmu Komput. dan Bisnis, vol. 12, no. 2a, pp. 173–183.
A. Hermawan and R. Rachman, “Sistem Pakar Diagnosa Penyakit Disleksia pada Anak dengan Menggunakan Metode Fuzzy Tsukamoto,” eProsiding Tek. Inform., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 240–245, 2021.
C. N. Alonzo, A. L. McIlraith, H. W. Catts, and T. P. Hogan, “Predicting dyslexia in children with developmental language disorder,” J. Speech, Lang. Hear. Res., vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 151–162, 2020, doi: 10.1044/2019_JSLHR-L-18-0265.
C. F. Tan, L. S. Wahidin, S. N. Khalil, N. Tamaldin, J. Hu, and G. W. M. Rauterberg, “The application of expert system: A review of research and applications,” ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci., vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 2448–2453, 2016.
M. Bohanec and V. Rajkovic, “Expert system for decision making,” Sistemica, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 145–157, 1990.
A. S. Sembiring et al., “Implementation of Certainty Factor Method for Expert System,” in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019, vol. 1255, no. 1, p. 12065, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1255/1/012065.
F. Agus, H. E. Wulandari, and I. F. Astuti, “Expert system with certainty factor for early diagnosis of red chili peppers diseases,” J. Appl. Intell. Syst., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 52–66, 2017, doi: 10.33633/jais.v2i2.1455.
E. Turban, Decision support and expert systems Management support systems. Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1995.
D. Heckerman, “The certainty-factor model,” Encycl. Artif. Intell. Second Ed., pp. 131–138, 1992.
J. A. Widians, N. Puspitasari, and A. Febriansyah, “Disease diagnosis system using certainty factor,” in 2019 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Information Engineering (ICEEIE), 2019, vol. 6, pp. 303–308, doi: 10.1109/ICEEIE47180.2019.8981421.
W. U. Setiabudi, E. Sugiharti, and F. Y. Arini, “Expert system diagnosis dental disease using Certainty Factor method,” Sci. J. Informatics, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 43–50, 2017, doi: 10.15294/sji.v4i1.8463.
U. P. Putrikrislia, “Disgrafia (Gangguan Menulis): Penyebab, Ciri, dan Cara Mengatasi Baca lebih lanjut di DokterSehat: Disgrafia (Gangguan Menulis): Penyebab, Ciri, dan Cara Mengatasi,” doktersehat.com, 2022. https://doktersehat.com/penyakit-a-z/disgrafia-gangguan-menulis/ (accessed Jun. 07, 2022).
A. Anissa and C. P. Susanto, “Sulit Memahami Matematika, Wajar Atau Sebenarnya Tanda Gangguan?,” doktersehat.com, 2020. diskalkulia: Mengenal Gangguan Belajar Berhitung • Hello Sehat.” https://hellosehat.com/parenting/anak-1-sampai-5-tahun/perkembangan-balita/diskalkulia-matematika-sulit-berhitung/ (accessed Jun. 07, 2022).
Learninglabfl.com, “Understanding Phonological Dyslexia,” Learning Lab (teaching the way they learn), 2020. https://learninglabfl.com/understanding-phonological-dyslexia/ (accessed Jun. 07, 2022).
Learninglabfl.com, “Understanding Different Types of Dyslexia: Rapid Naming Deficit,” Learning Lab (teaching the way they learn), 2020. https://learninglabfl.com/understanding-different-types-of-dyslexia-rapid-naming-deficit/ (accessed Jun. 07, 2022).
Learninglabfl.com, “Surface Dyslexia: The Signs, Causes, and Treatment,” Learning Lab (teaching the way they learn), 2020. https://learninglabfl.com/different-types-of-dyslexia-surface-dyslexia/ (accessed Jun. 07, 2022).
L. Safira, S. Si, and M. T. B. Irawan, “Implementation of the Certainty Factor Method for Early Detection of Cirrhosis Based on Android,” in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019, vol. 1201, no. 1, p. 12053, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1201/1/012053.
D. Kiray and F. A. Sianturi, “Diagnose Expert System Computer Malfunction Certainty Factor Method,” J. Comput. Networks, Archit. High Perform. Comput., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 63–71, 2020, doi: 10.47709/cnapc.v2i1.358.
S. Achmadi, A. Mahmudi, and A. N. Gita, “Expert System Design to Diagnos of Virus Infection Disease in Children with Certainty Factor Method,” J. Sci. Appl. Eng., vol. 1, no. 2, 2018.
Y. Desnelita, K. Rukun, and D. Nasien, “Intelligent decision support system using certainty factor method for selection student career,” in 2018 2nd International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics (ICon EEI), 2018, pp. 18–23, doi: 10.1109/ICon-EEI.2018.8784143.
Y. D. Salman and N. L. Hashim, “An improved method of obtaining basic path testing for test case based on uml state chart,” Sci. Int., vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 1–8, 2014.
Z. Zhonglin and M. Lingxia, “An improved method of acquiring basis path for software testing,” in 2010 5th International Conference on Computer Science & Education, 2010, pp. 1891–1894, doi: 10.1109/ICCSE.2010.5593820.
D. Madhavi, “A White Box Testing Technique in Softwre Testing: Basis Path Testing,” J. Res., vol. 1, no. 04, 2016.
D. Qingfeng and D. Xiao, “An improved algorithm for basis path testing,” in 2011 International Conference on Business Management and Electronic Information, 2011, vol. 3, pp. 175–178, doi: 10.1109/ICBMEI.2011.5920422.
A. Verma, A. Khatana, and S. Chaudhary, “A comparative study of black box testing and white box testing,” Int. J. Comput. Sci. Eng, vol. 5, no. 12, pp. 301–304, 2017, doi: 10.26438/ijcse/v5i12.301304.
H. Liu and H. B. K. Tan, “Covering code behavior on input validation in functional testing,” Inf. Softw. Technol., vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 546–553, 2009, doi: :10.1016/j.infsof.2008.07.001.
S. Nidhra and J. Dondeti, “Black box and white box testing techniques-a literature review,” Int. J. Embed. Syst. Appl., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 29–50, 2012, doi: 10.5121/ijesa.2012.2204.
P. Mitra, S. Chatterjee, and N. Ali, “Graphical analysis of MC/DC using automated software testing,” in 2011 3rd International Conference on Electronics Computer Technology, 2011, vol. 3, pp. 145–149, doi: 10.1109/ICECTECH.2011.5941819.
H. Lala, P. Y. Trisnanto, and A. Candra, “Cyclomatic Complexity Test Design Flowgraph Registration of Emergency Installation Patients in Wava Husada Hospital Using SEM,” Int. J. Sci. Res, vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 1983–1987, 2017, doi: 10.21275/ART20176323.
Y. Fitriani, M. Y. D. Sudirman, D. T. Kusuma, and A. W. Imantara, “Implementasi Restful API dalam Upaya Mensinkronisasi Data pada Sistem Otomasi Perpustakaan Berbasis Web Dengan Menggunakan Metode Uji Coba RMSE Dan White Box,” 2021, doi: 10.33322/petir.v15i1.1228.
S. Kumar, C. R. Krishna, and A. K. Solanki, “A Technique to analyze cyclomatic complexity and risk in a Wireless sensor network,” in 2018 5th International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN), 2018, pp. 602–607, doi: 10.1109/SPIN.2018.8474238.
A. S. Abbas, W. Jeberson, and V. V Klinsega, “Implemantation Of Fusion Model To Re-Engineer Legacy Software,” Int. J. Comput. Sci. Eng., 2013.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Copyright on any article is retained by the author(s).
2. The author grants the journal, right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
4. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
5. The article and any associated published material is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
