Pengaruh Media Pendingin Post–Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) Terhadap Karakteristik Mekanik dan Struktur Mikro Baja Karbon Hasil Pengelasan Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)
Abstract
Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) selain berfungsi untuk menghilangkan tegangan sisa, juga untuk meningkatkan ketangguhan sambungan di daerah pengaruh panas/Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) dan memperbaiki butir-butir kristal suatu material. Parameter PWHT (waktu, temperatur dan media pendingin) sangat mempengaruhi peningkatan karakteristik mekanik dari material las, seperti: kekerasan, kekuatan tarik, keuletan, ketangguhan dan lain sebagainya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media pendingin terhadap sifat mekanik (kekerasan dan kekutan tarik) dan struktur mikro baja karbon rendah ST42 hasil pengelasan SMAW. PWHT dilakukan pada temperatur 800 °C dengan tiga variasi media pendingin yaitu: air, udara, dan tungku. Hasil penelitian yang didapat adalah nilai kekerasan dan kekuatan tarik baja ST42 hasil pengelasan SMAW menjadi turun setelah dilakukan proses PWHT, namun elongation meningkat setelah PWHT. Diantara ketiga variasi media pendingin PWHT (air, udara dan tungku), nilai kekerasan dan kekuatan tertinggi dihasilkan pada baja las ST42dengan media pendingin air. Struktur mikro baja las S45C terdiri atas fasa ferite, perlite dan bainite. Ukuran butir baja tersebut menjadi lebih halus setelah PWHT dibandingkan dengan tanpa PWHT.
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