Abstract
However, the swimming learning process sometimes generalizes these abilities. The purpose of this study was to reveal the effect of varied training methods with smaller class sizes on students' front crawl swimming skills. The research used an experiment with a one-group pre-test-post-test design. The study population was 93 students, they take swimming lessons at the Sports Education Study Program, Garut University the 2022/2023 Academic Year. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The sample that reached the criteria was 22 students. The research instrument used a front crawl swimming skills test. Research procedure - giving treatment with varied methods with smaller class sizes. The data analysis technique uses Paired Sample t Test. Treatment with varied lesson delivery with smaller class sizes obtained sig values. (2-tailed) of 0.000. Based on the results of the research, findings revealed the value of sig. (2-tailed) obtained is 0.000. The score was lower than 0.05, so it was concluded that the method's effect varied with smaller class sizes on students' swimming skills on the front crawling swimming skills. The conclusion of this study is that using classroom settings and methods can affect swimming skills and front crawling style.
References
Akdeniz, C. (2016). Instructional Process and Concepts in Theory and Practice: Improving the Teaching Process. In Instructional Strategies. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2519-8
Aliyyah, A., Wicaksono, B., Saniatuzzulfa, R., & Mukholid, A. (2020). Relevance of self efficacy and female futsal athletes’ anxiety before the match. Jurnal SPORTIF : Jurnal Penelitian Pembelajaran, 6(1), 105–117. https://doi.org/10.29407/js_unpgri.v6i1.14080
Apriyanti, A. (2021). Metode Mengajar Bervariasi Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa. Hipotenusa Journal of Research Mathematics Education (HJRME), 3(2), 79–86. https://doi.org/10.36269/hjrme.v3i2.448
Bozkuş, K. (2014). School as a Social System. Sakarya University Journal of Education, pp. 4, 49–61. https://doi.org/10.19126/SUJE.10732
Charmas, M., & Gromisz, W. (2019). Effect of 12-Week Swimming Training on Body Composition in Young Women. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(3), 346. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030346
Dalamitros, A. A., Manou, V., & Pelarigo, J. G. (2014). Laboratory-based tests for swimmers: Methodology, reliability, considerations and relationship with front-crawl performance. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 9(1), 172–187. https://doi.org/10.4100/jhse.2014.91.17
Dira Fauzi, Hanief Alifyah, Ruslan Abdul Gani, Irfan Zinat Achmad, Setio Nugroho, & Rekha Ratri Julianti. (2023). Keterampilan Teknik Dasar Renang Gaya Bebas (Crawl) Di SMPN 5 Karawang Barat : Ekspektasi vs Realita. SPRINTER: Jurnal Ilmu Olahraga, 4(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.46838/spr.v4i1.251
Doewes, R. I., Elumalai, G., & Azmi, S. H. (2022). The effect of blocked and random practice on the underhand throw ability in male Boccia athletes with cerebral palsy. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 22(12), 3094–3100. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2022.12392
Emir Rizkanto, B., & Rusdiawan, A. (2021). Kinematics analysis of freestyle swimming athletes at the 2019 Indonesia Open Aquatic Championship (IOAC). Jurnal SPORTIF : Jurnal Penelitian Pembelajaran, 7(2), 206-218. https://doi.org/10.29407/js_unpgri.v7i2.15877
Eski̇yecek, C., Gül, M., Uludağ, B., & Gül, G. (2020). The Effect of 8-Week Core Exercises Applied to 10-12 Age Male Swimmers on Swimming Performance. International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology, 9(3), 213–220. https://doi.org/10.26655/IJAEP.2020.3.22
Filges, T., Sonne‐Schmidt, C., & Nielsen, B. (2018). Small class sizes for improving student achievement in primary and secondary schools: a systematic review. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 14, 1–107. https://doi.org/10.4073/csr.2018.10
Geertsema, S., & le Roux, M. (2020). The Effect of Blocked Versus Serial Practice in the Treatment of Developmental Motor-Based Articulation Disorder. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 41(4), 199–213. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525740119836944
Hastie, P., & Saunders, J. (2014). Effects of Class Size and Equipment Availability on Student Involvement in Physical Education. The Journal of Experimental Education, pp. 59, 212–224. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.1991.10806561
Jepsen, C. (2015). Class size : does it matter for student achievement ? Smaller classes are often associated with increased achievement , but (Issue September). https://doi.org/10.15185/izawol.190
Kirkham-King, M., Brusseau, T. A., Hannon, J. C., Castelli, D. M., Hilton, K., & Burns, R. D. (2017). Elementary physical education: A focus on fitness activities and smaller class sizes are associated with higher levels of physical activity. Preventive Medicine Reports, 8(September), 135–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.09.007
Li, X., & Li, M. (2021). The Effect of Large and Small Class Size in Compulsory Education in China. Rangsit Journal of Educational Studies, 8(1), 46–58. https://doi.org/10.14456/rjes.2021.4
Nguyen, L. T., Kanjug, I., Lowatcharin, G., Manakul, T., Poonpon, K., Sarakorn, W., Somabut, A., Srisawasdi, N., Traiyarach, S., & Tuamsuk, K. (2022). How teachers manage their classroom in the digital learning environment – experiences from the University Smart Learning Project. Heliyon, 8(10), e10817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10817
Oja, P., Titze, S., Kokko, S., Kujala, U. M., Heinonen, A., Kelly, P., Koski, P., & Foster, C. (2015). Health benefits of different sport disciplines for adults: systematic review of observational and intervention studies with meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(7), 434–440. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-093885
Parwata, I. M. Y. (2021). Pembelajaran Gerak Dalam Pendidikan Jasmani Dari Perspektif Merdeka Belajar. Indonesian Journal of Educational Development, 2(2), 219–228. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5233331
Peden, A., & Franklin, R. (2020). Learning to Swim: An Exploration of Negative Prior Aquatic Experiences Among Children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103557
Putra, P., & Wayan, A. (2020). Motivasi Atlet Club Renang Di Kabupaten Badung Dalam Menjaga Kebugaran Jasmani Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan Undiksha, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.23887/jiku.v8i1.29745
Rezki, R., Zulkifli, Z., Jatra, R., & Aprianti, L. (2022). An Analysis Of Freestyle Swimming Technique on Students the Physical Education, Health And Leisure Study Program. INSPIREE: Indonesian Sport Innovation Review, 3(02), 93–105. https://doi.org/10.53905/inspiree.v3i02.78
Rocha, H., Marinho, D., Garrido, N., Morgado, L., & Costa, A. (2018). The acquisition of aquatic skills in preschool children: Deep versus shallow water swimming lessons. Motricidade, 14, 66. https://doi.org/10.6063/motricidade.13724
Srem-Sai, M., Hagan Jnr, J., Baba, J., & Schack, T. (2019). Assessment of Random and Blocked Practice Schedules on Motor Skills’ Acquisition, Retention and Transfer Among Selected Senior High School Students. American Journal of Sports Science, 7, 26–33. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20190701.15
Wang, X. (2023). Achievement Goals and Motivation in Physical Education: A Correlational Study. Journal of Innovation and Development, pp. 5, 30–34. https://doi.org/10.54097/jid.v5i2.07
Watson, A., Timperio, A., Brown, H., Best, K., & Hesketh, K. D. (2017). Effect of classroom-based physical activity interventions on academic and physical activity outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-017-0569-9
Willey, C. R., & Liu, Z. (2018). Long-term motor learning: Effects of varied and specific practice. Vision Research, pp. 152, 10–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2017.03.012
Wright, M. C., Bergom, I., & Bartholomew, T. (2019). Decreased class size, increased active learning? Intended and enacted teaching strategies in smaller classes. Active Learning in Higher Education, 20(1), 51–62. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469787417735607
Wulandari, Y. A., & Jannah, M. (2018). Pengaruh PETTLEP Imagery terhadap Efikasi Diri Atlet Lari 100 Meter Perorangan. Jurnal Psikologi Teori Dan Terapan, 8(2), 154. https://doi.org/10.26740/jptt.v8n2.p154-164
Yassin, B. (2015). How to accommodate different learning styles in the same classroom: Analysis of theories and methods of learning styles. Canadian Social Science, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.3968/6434
Zhao, M., Lu, X., Zhang, Q., Zhao, R., Wu, B., Huang, S., & Li, S. (2024). Effects of exergames on student physical education learning in the context of the artificial intelligence era: a meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, p. 14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-57357-8
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2024 Z Arifin, Boyke Mulyana, Nina Sutresna, Herman Subarjah, Kukuh Wahyudin Pratama