Papers published in this journal will be considered for retraction in publication if:

1. They have clear evidence that the findings are unreliable, either due to errors (e.g., data fabrication) or honest errors (e.g., calculation errors or experimental errors).
2. Previous findings have been published elsewhere without proper cross-referencing, permission, or adequate justification (i.e., cases of excessive publication).
3. It involves plagiarism.
4. It reports unethical research.

The retraction mechanism follows the Retraction Guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), which can be accessed at https://publicationethics.org/files/retraction%20guidelines.pdf.