Kata Kunci
pembelajaran observasional
bola basket
rata-rata tertimbang umum (GWA)
##submission.howToCite##
Abstrak
Dengan pandemi COVID-19 yang sedang berlangsung yang mengharuskan kita untuk mempraktikkan jarak sosial atau fisik, konsep pembelajaran observasional menjadi sangat relevan. Proses pembelajaran ini melibatkan mengamati orang lain, menyimpan informasi, dan mereplikasi perilaku yang diamati nanti. Penelitian ini menentukan perolehan keterampilan dalam Bola Basket melalui pembelajaran observasional guru pra-jabatan di Batangas State University JPLPC-Malvar untuk menentukan implikasinya terhadap pengajaran pendidikan jasmani. Ini secara khusus membahas profil responden dalam hal jenis kelamin, program, GWA, dan status sosial ekonomi hubungan yang signifikan antara profil responden dan perolehan keterampilan mereka dalam Bola Basket melalui pembelajaran observasional. Penelitian deskriptif-korelasional ini dilakukan untuk menilai 89 mahasiswa yang terdaftar dalam program College of Teacher Education di kampus JPLPC-Malvar Batangas State University. Jumlah responden yang memadai dan teknik pengambilan sampel yang tepat diadopsi untuk menghasilkan hasil yang valid dan reliabel. Dengan menggunakan kuesioner buatan sendiri dan ukuran statistik yang tepat, hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa responden sangat perempuan, sebagian besar dari Sarjana Pendidikan Menengah, termasuk dalam Kelompok Superior, dan memiliki pendapatan menengah. Chi-Square mengungkapkan bahwa jenis kelamin, program, GWA, dan status sosial ekonomi memiliki hubungan yang signifikan ketika berkorelasi dengan tantangan yang mereka hadapi. Temuan yang disebutkan di atas merekomendasikan penggunaan multimedia atau video yang menunjukkan keterampilan di kelas pendidikan jasmani untuk melatih keterampilan siswa dan memperkuat penggunaan pembelajaran observasional dan melakukan webinar yang berfokus pada bagaimana kita dapat belajar Bola Basket melalui pembelajaran observasional.
Referensi
Bandura, A. (2013). Bobo doll studies. In M. Eastin (Ed.), Encyclopedia of media violence (pp.53–55). Sage Publications.
Bolton, C., & Hesp, D. (2018). A review of observational learning in sport. European Journal of Sport Science, 18(4), 469–482.
Cherry, K. (2021, April 28). How Observational Learning Affects Behavior. Retrieved September 7, 2022, from https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-observational-learning-2795402
Cherry, K. (2023). How Observational Learning Affects Behavior. Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-observational-learning-2795402
Creswell J.W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
Cronkleton, E. (2020, June 12). 10 Physical and Mental Benefits of Basketball. Retrieved September 7, 2022, from https://www.healthline.com/health/exercise-fitness/benefits-of-basketball
D'Innocenzo, G., Gonzalez, C.C., Williams, A.M., & Bishop, D.T. (2016). Looking to Learn: The Effects of Visual Guidance on Observational Learning of the Golf Swing. PLoS ONE, 11.
Entezari, Z. et al., (2017). Effect of Contextual Interference in Video Feedback on Kinematic Characteristic Acquisition of Football Pass. Eur Exp Biol. 2017, 7:8.
Galkhani (2011) Modeling and feedback as a tool to improve motor learning and Sport. Human Kinetics Journal/Human Kinetics. Inc. An Article
Gottfried, M. A., Fleming, J. S., & Gottfried, A. W. (2017). Academic achievement and student characteristics: Longitudinal analyses of a national sample of German students. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 48, 12-26.
Han, Y., Syed Ali, S. K. B., & Ji, L. (2022). Use of Observational Learning to Promote Motor Skill Learning in Physical Education: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(16), 10109. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610109
Huang, W. (2020). The Observational Learning Effect on Skill Acquisition in Football | Revista de Psicología del Deporte (Journal of Sport Psychology). Retrieved September 7, 2022, from https://www.rpd-online.com/index.php/rpd/article/view/227
Jagersma, J. (2010, December 22). ERIC - ED514196 - Empowering Students as Active Participants in Curriculum Design and Implementation, Online Submission, 2010-Dec-22. Retrieved September 7, 2022, from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED514196
Kalyuga, S., & Sweller, J. (2014). The expertise reversal effect in high‐prior knowledge learners: Evidence for cognitive load theory. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 28(6), 720-729.
Kim, T., Frank, C., & Schack, T. (2017). A systematic investigation of the efect of action observation training and motor imagery training on the development of mental representation structure and skill performance. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 11, 499–499. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00499
Kok, Marjan & Komen, Annet & Capelleveen, Laurien & Kamp, John. (2019). The effects of self-controlled video feedback on motor learning and self-efficacy in a Physical Education setting: an exploratory study on the shot-put. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy. 25. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2019.1688773.
Krause, N. J., & Chow, J. Y. (2015). A Review of observational learning in sport. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 8(1), 1-21.
Lewthwaite, R., & Wulf, G. (2010). Social-comparative feedback affects motor skill learning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, pp. 63, 738–749.
Magill (2011). The Sports Commitment Model. United States. Retrieved from https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu
Modeling as Observational Learning: Definition & Examples. (2019, August 18). Retrieved from https://study.com/academy/lesson/modeling-as-observational-learning-definition-examples.html.
Mohsen (2010). Gender equality in sports. United States. Retrieved from https://usu.instructure.com/cources/448306/assignments/2184725
Nassaji, H. (2015). Qualitative and descriptive research: Data type versus data analysis ResearchGate. Language Teaching Research, 19(2), 129–132. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168815572747.
Santos, S., Mesquita, I., Graça, A., & Côté, J. (2020). Coaching feedback and observational learning in Basketball: The effects on skill acquisition and performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(10), 1108-1117.
Schmidt, R. (2011). Jack Adams, a Giant of Motor Behavior, Has Died. Journal of Motor Behavior. 43. 83–84. 10.1080/00222895.2010.549004.
Shields, T. (2014, April 16). Skill acquisition in sport - The journey to expertise - Believe Perform - The UK' s leading Sports Psychology Website. Retrieved September 7, 2022, from https://believeperform.com/skill-acquisition-in-sport-the-journey-to-expertise/
Stone, S. M. (2017, July 7). observational learning. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/observational-learning
Ulla (2016). Specialization of BSEd and another course. Philippines. Retrieved https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02701367. 2014.964635
Zinsser, Nathaniel & Bunker, L. & Williams, J.M.. (2010). Cognitive techniques for building confidence and enhancing performance. Applied sport psychology: Personal growth to peak performance. 305-335.
##submission.copyrightStatement##