Engineering Design of Vertical and Horizontal Briquette Printing Machines on Briquette Quality
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29407/jmn.v9i1.28318Keywords:
briket biomassa, densifikasi, mesin pencetak, gaya tekan, kualitas briketAbstract
Briket biomassa merupakan salah satu sumber energi terbarukan yang potensial, namun kualitas briket sangat dipengaruhi oleh mekanisme densifikasi dan orientasi gaya tekan yang dihasilkan oleh mesin pencetak briket. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh desain mesin pencetak briket tipe vertikal dan horizontal terhadap karakteristik fisik dan mekanik briket biomassa. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan pendekatan komparatif menggunakan campuran biomassa berupa arang sekam padi (40%), arang serbuk kayu (40%), perekat tapioka (10%), dan air (10%). Mesin pencetak tipe vertikal menggunakan sistem pemadatan pneumatic-hydraulic dengan variasi tekanan sebesar 206.842, 344.738, 482.633, dan 620.528 Pa, sedangkan mesin tipe horizontal menggunakan mekanisme screw press yang digerakkan motor listrik 1,5 HP dengan diameter screw 6 cm, panjang screw 26 cm, dan kapasitas produksi 200 kg/jam. Tekanan pemadatan pada mesin horizontal tidak dapat dinyatakan sebagai satu nilai tetap seperti pada mesin vertikal karena mekanisme screw press menghasilkan tekanan dinamis yang berubah secara kontinu selama proses pencetakan. Kualitas briket dianalisis berdasarkan densitas, ketahanan mekanik (drop test), water resistance index (WRI), dan laju pembakaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan tekanan pemadatan pada mesin vertikal mampu meningkatkan densitas briket dari 0,551 menjadi 0,731 g/cm³ serta menurunkan persentase kerusakan drop test dari 45,15% menjadi 18,51%. Selain itu, laju pembakaran menurun dari 0,215 menjadi 0,158 g/menit yang menunjukkan terbentuknya struktur briket yang lebih padat dan stabil. Mesin horizontal menghasilkan densitas rata-rata sebesar 0,654 g/cm³ dengan laju pembakaran sebesar 0,175 g/menit serta menunjukkan variasi struktur yang relatif lebih besar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa orientasi gaya tekan vertikal menghasilkan distribusi tekanan yang lebih merata dan proses densifikasi biomassa yang lebih efektif sehingga menghasilkan briket dengan kekuatan mekanik dan kestabilan pembakaran yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi ilmiah dalam menjelaskan hubungan antara orientasi gaya tekan, mekanisme densifikasi, dan kualitas briket pada sistem pencetakan biomassa.
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