The effect of bodyweight workout intensity on decrease the body mass index (BMI) in college students

Obesity in adolescents is very prone to occur due to consumption of fast food, sweet food/drink patterns, likes to play games without knowing the time


INTRODUCTION
Adolescents are at high risk of experiencing excess nutrition, namely obesity because eating habits have changed, one of which is due to widespread globalization.Adolescents are one of the target groups at risk of experiencing overnutrition.Overnutrition in adolescents is characterized by relatively excessive body weight when compared to the age or height of adolescents of the same age as a result of excessive fat deposition in the In addition to physical activity, we are also advised to maintain a balanced diet.Providing unbalanced nutrition can cause a decrease in the quality of life in children, one of which is due to excessive food intake that causes children to suffer from obesity.To find out whether a child is obese or not, we can use body mass index (BMI) guidelines (De Onis et al., 2010).Balanced nutritional intake is also carried out by physical activity in the form of workout exercises, which is a form or model of exercise that can reduce body mass index (BMI).A bodyweight workout is one model/form of exercise that can be applied.Several things must be considered; exercise must use large muscles of the body intensively (continuously) for a relatively long duration.Good exercise is a type of cardio or aerobic exercise that can strengthen aerobics (H.Patel et al., 2017).Bodyweight workout treatment consisting of how many movements, namely: Jumping Air Squat, Lung Matrix (10 each leg), Jumping Step-Up  The subjects in this study were 35 male and female students whose body weight was above 70 kg.This research technique uses proportional stratified random sampling by taking representatives from various levels of students, which can be used on 35 students.The instruments in this study were obtained using BMI and anthropometric measurements using a weight scale (SECA) with serial number 201101-02651F, as confirmed in advance.The measurement is taken by a subject standing upright on the scale, and then the number shown on the scale is read as the result of the measurement (kg).Height is measured using an upright measuring instrument (mikrotoka) with a precision of 0.1 cm.The measurement was taken with the subject standing upright, face facing straight ahead without wearing footwear, the result was read in cm.By category for men and women, normal ≤ 24.9 and obesity ≥ 25.0.This research was conducted at Tunas Pembangunan University, Surakarta, with bodyweight training treatment 3 times a week for 2 months.
This study used descriptive analysis techniques to describe the results of the pretest and post-test carried out during the study.Furthermore, a prerequisite test was carried out using the Normality Test to determine the distribution of the data obtained, and a homogeneity test was carried out to determine the similarity of test data variants before and after treatment.If the resulting value shows a significance value of < 0.05, then the data variance of the two groups is not homogeneous.

Research Procedure
Eight months exercise program with 1 group, Bodyweight workout treatment consists of several movements, namely: Pistol Squats -(each leg), Jumping Air Squats, Lung Matrix (10 each leg), Jumping Step-Ups (11 each leg), Knee Lifting Dips, L Pull-Ups -Sits, Tandem Grip Chin-Ups (or reverse body weight line with bottom grip), Single leg Push-Up (each leg), Bulgarian Split Squat 35 seconds.Subjects were counselled to do some things that were avoided in treating subjects, such as not doing a physical activity other than research treatment and always being in good health.Before being given treatment in research activities in the form of bodyweight workout treatments, prospective research subjects must measure BMI obtained through anthropometric measurements using weight and height measurements.Furthermore, after the BMI data before the treatment was inputted, the subjects were given bodyweight workout treatment for 18 meetings, and continued BMI measurements were obtained through anthropometric measurements using weight and height measurements after treatment.

RESULT
The results of this study are presented in a description of the data processing results by taking on the study results.The purpose of this study can be achieved by taking data from a predetermined sample.This study determined the effect of bodyweight workouts on reducing body mass index (BMI).A summary of the results of data analysis is presented in the form of tables below.In the pretest, it was known that there were respondents with a normal BMI of 1 (2.9%), and then the post-test increased to 6 (17.1%).In the pretest, it was known that there were respondents with an Overweight BMI of 6 (17.1%), then in the post-test, it increased to 11 (31.4%).In the pretest, it was known that there were respondents with BMI Obesity I as much as 22 (62.9%), and then the post-test was reduced to 16 (45.7%).In the pretest, it was known that there were respondents with BMI Obesity II as much as 6 (17.1%), then in the post-test, it was reduced to 2 (5.7%).The distribution of BMI categories can be seen in the form of a histogram below.The calculation results obtained an initial BMI average of 27.411,Then, after treatment, the value became 25,086, and the decrease obtained was 2.326 if the percentage was 8.486%.
The results of the study show that the results of the analysis that has been carried out show that there is a significant difference between the pretest and post-test of BMI measurements with the treatment of bodyweight workouts in students.The bodyweight workout treatment on BMI observations obtained an average BMI pretest of 27.411.Then, after treatment, the value becomes 25.086, and a decrease of 2.326 is obtained.
The results of statistical calculations obtained a t-value of 16.031 and a probability value of 0.000.The probability value < 0.05 means a significant decrease in BMI due to the bodyweight workout treatment.This means that the hypothesis that the treatment of bodyweight workouts significantly affects BMI is accepted.

DISCUSSION
The results of statistical calculations obtained a t-value of 16.031 and a probability value of 0.000.A probability value < 0.05 means a significant  (Fatimah & Kartini, 2011).
The results of this study support previous research, which confirms that exercise shows that aerobic exercise can reduce BMI.Increase physical activity, thereby causing a decrease in body fat to meet the body's calorie needs when exercising (Batacan et al., 2017;Dupuit et al., 2020;Sigal et al., 2014;Su et al., 2019).By providing exercise intervention for eight weeks with a frequency of three times a week, reducing BMI can increase body fitness (Anam et al., 2016;Kuswari et al., 2021;Stastny et al., 2016).Physical activity that is done regularly well can affect body composition for the better and more balanced.Body (2014) and Kuswari & Setiawan (2015), exercise also makes the body healthier and fitter so that a person becomes more productive.Movement series exercises are training applications that can be done using each individual's body weight.The heavier a person is, the more weight he lifts in training with his body weight.
Muscle strength training, cardio, and diet can develop individual motoric conditions to improve body composition (Allsabah et al., 2023).
Besides using their body weight, many athletes also use weights to increase their muscle capacity.The athlete can know himself, his limits, his skills, and how to effectively use his body during training without overloading (Harrison et al., 2010;Jaelani et al., 2022).A Korean study explained that in the group of adult and elderly women, physical activity levels were not associated with factors related to health conditions but had an influence on weight, waist circumference, BMI, and age (Chung et al., 2017).Further research needs a control group to be able to compare.More research is needed on variations of bodyweight workout movements with physical activity that have an influence on body fat percent.
Physical activities in childhood and adolescence are also associated with numerous health benefits (Sugiharto et al., 2021), even though they are not active in many situations (Jeki et al., 2022).The right level of physical activity can motivate while reducing the risk of obesity and healthrelated risks associated with increased weight (Andriana et al., 2021;Desrida et al., 2018;Waluyo, 2023).Physical activity also contributes to greater bone density (Hendra et al., 2016), reduces the clustering of Cardiovascular Disease risk factors (Bauman et al., 2012;Janssen & LeBlanc, 2010), improves body composition, and aids in maintaining weight loss (Lestari et al., 2022).
Our increased understanding of factors contributing to excessive weight gain stems from lifestyle behaviours from infancy through childhood, adolescence, and adulthood (Lo et al., 2019).Overweight adolescents have a fourfold risk of being overweight as adults compared to normalweight adolescents, and this association strengthens throughout the developmental years (Park et al., 2022).
Research still needs to be proven by measuring the percent of body fat against physical activity.Furthermore, further research must be directed to test several bodyweight workout exercises that can reduce BMI.The results of this research can also be a reference for various physical

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11 each leg), Squat gun -(each leg), L-Sit Pull-Ups, Tandem Grip Chin-Ups (or inverted bodyweight row with bottom grip), Push-Up one leg (each leg), Knee Lifting Dips, Bulgarian Split Squat 35 seconds.The results of field observations show that students do not do enough physical activity, physical activity that is only done during lectures is not balanced with further exercise, and after finishing college, students tend to play with gadgets, fail to sleep, and have irregular eating patterns, which causes fat to accumulate in the body continuously and lead to obesity.This study aims to determine the effect of Bodyweight Workouts on reducing BMI.METHOD This research design did not involve control variables, and the study sample was randomly selected from students in college.The research design used was a group pretest-posttest design, and experiments were carried out only on one group without a comparison group.Research design in the form of pictures as follows:

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Research Design One Group Pretest Design

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. The Decrease in BMIFrom the picture above, it can be seen that there was a decrease in BMI in this group, namely, the initial average was 27,411, which then fell to 25,086.
decrease in BMI due to bodyweight training treatment.This means that the hypothesis that bodyweight workout treatment significantly affects BMI is accepted.Bodyweight training is one of the sports activities that can be done to maintain body health because it uses its own body and has many variations of movements, does not need to cost much money, and can be done anywhere.Bodyweight workout exercises combined with physical activity have an effect on body fat percentage.Changes in body https://doi.org/10.29407/js_unpgri.v9i3.198389 (3) 2023 | 536-549 composition are indicated by the ratio of muscle, bone, and body fluids compared to fat composition consists of muscle, fat, bone, water, and various other organs that have their respective roles and functions.Unbalanced body composition can cause decreased organ function or can even cause organ damage that can cause various diseases.Doing exercise correctly and adequately can balance body composition, making all organs carry out their functions better and effectively.According to Gomes De Araujo et al.
This research still needs to improve due to the limited number of samples and the bodyweight workout model, which requires a variety of exercises so that the effects resulting from the training are successful.So, further research needs to be developed by adding research variables, for example, to support the results of this research.CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest that bodyweight training can reduce BMI in college students.Physical activity in the form of bodyweight workouts is a positive way to reduce BMI by doing bodyweight workouts.The body's calorie needs can be met by burning body fat reserves while exercising.

Table 1 .
BMI data description 2.606.The minimum pretest BMI score is 22.6, and the maximum score is 33.The descriptive statistical test in the table above shows that the https://doi.org/10.29407/js_unpgri.v9i3.198389 (3) 2023 | 536-549 average post-test BMI score is 25.086, with a standard deviation of 2.665.The minimum post-test BMI score is 20.2, and the maximum is 31.The table above shows that the average BMI value has decreased by 2.326 with a standard deviation of 0.858.The minimum lowers BMI by 0.6 and the maximum by 4.

Table 2 .
BMI categories before and after treatment

Table 3 .
Normality Test Results Statistic testBased on information on the normality test to find out whether there is a decrease in BMI, the statistical test used is the paired t-test.The calculation results are as follows: Figure 3.The distribution of BMI categories a. Assumption Test Before conducting data analysis, it is necessary to test the normality distribution.The data normality test in this study used the Shapiro-Wilk method because the number of samples was ≤ 50.The criterion for the normality test was that if the probability value (sig.)> 0.05, it was stated to be normally distributed, while if the probability value was < 0.05, then it was declared not normally distributed.The results of the data normality test performed in each group are as follows: https://doi.org/10.29407/js_unpgri.v9i3.198389 (3) 2023 | 536-549 b.