Physical fitness level and weight status in children and adolescents: Comparison between students of Surabaya city and Sidoarjo regency

Obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, and poor cardiorespiratory fitness in childhood can be bad for children especially regarding physical fitness and increased weight. This study aimed to analyze and compare the physical fitness and weight status of children and adolescents in Surabaya and Sidoarjo regency. This research uses a survey approach using physical fitness tests and weight measurements. The research instrument on physical fitness uses a physical fitness test with 5 items test. While the weight status is measured by measuring the body mass index (BMI). The sample selection of research subjects used random sampling techniques. The results showed that the physical fitness boys' students in The city of Surabaya and Sidoarjo regency are the same in the moderate category. In contrast, girls in the city of Surabaya are better compared to Sidoarjo regency. The teenage boys and girls of Surabaya city are better than the adolescent boys and girls students of the Sidoarjo regency. The weight status of Surabaya city boys is better compared to Sidoarjo regency boys. In contrast, the girls of Surabaya and Sidoarjo are included in the average category. The teenage boys of Surabaya city are better than the adolescent students of the Sidoarjo regency, in the teenage students of Surabaya city are better than the female adolescent students of the Sidoarjo regency. This research can be used as data on the development of students, teachers, and all related parties that must correctly stabilize the condition of students, children, and adolescents to carry out their activities.

: 2548-7833 (Print) 294 weight status is measured by measuring the body mass index (BMI). The sample selection of research subjects used random sampling techniques.
The results showed that the physical fitness boys' students in The city of Surabaya and Sidoarjo regency are the same in the moderate category.
In contrast, girls in the city of Surabaya are better compared to Ridoarjo regency. The teenage boys and girls of Surabaya city are better than the adolescent boys and girls students of the Sidoarjo regency. The weight status of Surabaya city boys is better compared to Sidoarjo regency boys. In contrast, the girls of Surabaya and Sidoarjo are included in the average category. The teenage boys of Surabaya city are better than the adolescent students of the Sidoarjo regency, in the teenage students of Surabaya city are better than the female adolescent students of the Sidoarjo regency. This research can be used as data on the development of students, teachers, and all related parties that must correctly stabilize the condition of students, children, and adolescents to carry out their activities.
Therefore, additional physical activity opportunities are needed in schools to improve children's physical fitness, health, and overall well-being (Ma'arif & Prasetiyo, 2021;Nurcahyo, 2015). It is necessary to recognize the importance of improving physical fitness and measure the results periodically.

Oce Wiriawan
Physical fitness level and weight status in children and adolescents: Comparison between students of Surabaya city and Sidoarjo regency 295 According to the results of research by Chen et al., 2018;Wouters et al., (2020) explained that physical fitness correlates significantly with students' physical activity. Physical activity positively relates to the fundamentals of motion skills in students Bramantoro et al., (2020). The relationship between the two variables is reciprocal, meaning they have a relationship that affects each other. It can be concluded that a high level of physical fitness will affect the students' physical activity ability, which will help improve their movement skills.
One factor that hinders physical fitness is the occurrence of obesity experienced by children and adolescents in Indonesia. Obesity in Indonesia is increasing at an alarming rate of increase. According to (Riskesdas, 2018), the prevalence of obesity among Indonesian adults has almost doubled from 19.1 percent to 35.4 percent. Obesity experienced by children and adolescents today due to lack of movement and unhealthy lifestyles results in children and adolescents' weight being far from normal. Obesity, in general, is closely related to a diet that is not good and tends to be over-energized. Obesity is defined as a medical condition in the form of accumulated fat in the body, which is clinically expressed in the form of a Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 27 kg / m 2 (Elmagd, 2016;Lavie et al., 2019). Various nutritional advantages in toddlers will have a continuous impact until adulthood. Excess to these nutrients is known as overweight and obesity. Obesity was rarely discussed before the 20th century because most of the world's population still suffers from malnutrition. So that the increase in the weight of the population is still a sign of an increase in a society's health and economic status, it has only been in the last 25 years that the problem of obesity and its increasing impact has been discussed in various scientific meetings and public health planning in the world.
The basic mechanism from the occurrence of overweight to obesity is the imbalance of energy inputs and their expenditure.

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Physical fitness level and weight status in children and adolescents: Comparison between students of Surabaya city and Sidoarjo regency 297 students who had an age classification of children or 6 -9 years and 10 -12 years, and the category of adults aged 13-15 years and 16 -19 years.

Research Procedure
All testing procedures for the seven physical fitness items were carried out using the same instruments suggested by the new physical fitness test guidelines developed by the Japan Sports Bureau of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology in 2008.

Physical fitness parameters
This assessment was assessed using a version of the physical fitness test with fitness batteries related to fitness tests in children and adolescents.
These components are described as follows: a sprint test, a body lift hanging test, a seating bed test, an upright jump test, and a long-distance running test. All these tests are adjusted to the age level of the research projects to be studied.

Weight Status
Weight status is measured by measuring body mass index (BMI). The body mass index (BMI) test instrument uses the BMI calculation formula, which is carried out by taking weight data (kg) divided by height (m 2 ) (Bayu et al., 2021). The data collection technique carried out is by means of measuring the height and weight of the sample. Furthermore, data calculations are assisted using the Microsoft Excel Software application.
The weight and height measurement test procedure adopted by (Ngatman & Andriyani, 2017) has a validity and reliability rate of 0.98.

Data Analysis
Data is processed through a t-score, then the data is interpreted, namely by categorizing the data. Categorization is grouped into 5: very good, good, Average, less, and very less. Categorization using reference 5 normal limits (Sudjiono, 2011) (Bayu et al., 2021). The data collection technique carried out is by means of measuring the height and weight of the sample. Furthermore, data calculations are assisted using the Microsoft Excel Software application. The weight and height measurement test procedure adopted by (Ngatman & Andriyani, 2017) has a validity and reliability rate of 0.98.

RESULT
A total of 776 willing participants, including children and adolescents aged 6-19 years, were included in this study. The entire sample consisted of boys and girls, and some subjects were adjusted according to the age classification category of the group in the city of Surabaya and Sidoarjo regency. In detail, the research data acquisition will be described in the figure below.

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Physical fitness level and weight status in children and adolescents: Comparison between students of Surabaya city and Sidoarjo regency 301  Based on Table 3

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Physical fitness level and weight status in children and adolescents: Comparison between students of Surabaya city and Sidoarjo regency 305 category obtained by boys students in the city of Surabaya is included in the good category, while boys students in the Sidoarjo regency are included in the moderate category. In physical fitness, the moderate category obtained by girls students in the city of Surabaya is included in the good category. In contrast, girls students in Sidoarjo regency are included in the moderate category. Physical fitness is one of the parts of a body that can be used as an indicator of the body's condition. Fitness is physical fitness, which is a person's ability to be able to do daily work efficiently without excessive fatigue so that they can still enjoy their free time. The benefits obtained if you have good physical fitness are providing convenience for a person or student in carrying out daily tasks without experiencing significant fatigue and will, avoiding someone from various diseases, both mild and severe, and improving learning ability (Rodriguez et al., 2020;Tian & Wang, 2021). Students with good physical fitness tend to be active in the classroom and perform well in sports branches (Djimde et al., 2019). Meanwhile, fewer physical fitness students will look lazy and less eager to learn.
Good physical fitness is expected to be the basic capital for children to carry out their daily lives vigorously and without feeling significant fatigue in carrying out all their activities. The activities carried out by children and adolescents can look like children's habits in carrying out activities at school, such as studying and playing, which can be done without any qualms (Haverkamp et al., 2021). The fact is that children behave less enthusiastically in carrying out the learning process, and children often feel tired and sleepy during learning activities or playing when doing activities at school. (Allsabah et al., 2022)

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Physical fitness level and weight status in children and adolescents: Comparison between students of Surabaya city and Sidoarjo regency 307 and excited in the learning process. (Nurcahyo, 2015;Putra et al., 2021), for physical freshness to be maintained, it will not be separated from a healthy lifestyle that must be applied in daily life by getting used to eating four healthy five perfect foods, always maintaining personal hygiene, getting enough rest, avoiding bad habits that can reduce physical freshness.
The weight status of boys and girls students in children and adolescents had significantly different results. This difference can be seen from the results of the measurements that have been made. In the moderate weight status, the category obtained by boys students in Surabaya city is included in the normal category, while boys students in Sidoarjo regency are, on average, included in the overweight category. In the moderate weight status, the category obtained by girls students in the city of Surabaya is included in the normal category, while girls students in Sidoarjo regency are on moderate included in the normal category. Body mass index greatly affects the quality of a person's health, including the physical fitness that students and adolescents have. Children and adolescents who experience inappropriate BMI will not be able to perform optimally, so the activities carried out by children and adolescent students will not be optimal (Feng et al., 2019). Students must have an ideal body.
This aims to be able to carry out activities that support their daily activities.
A healthy lifestyle is a mandatory thing to do for children. This is done to maintain the children's bodies to match the normal size with their age. (Lee et al., 2021;Tian & Wang, 2021) the results of her research showed that the weight of the body owned by children is increasing due to lifestyles and activities that are felt to be less carried out by children. (Hsieh et al., 2017)  308 weight status can affect the condition of children and adolescent students, especially in the learning process, so teachers and related parties should pay attention to nutritional intake, which includes food and drink, and also the lifestyle carried out by children, not to mention nutrients in food and drinks, as well as the lifestyle carried out by children and adolescent students that is not appropriate and appropriate, makes the weight status of children and adolescents not in the normal category (Fan et al., 2020;Limbers & Summers, 2021).

CONCLUSION
This study's results can be used as an indicator of the profile of children and adolescent students in the city of Surabaya and Sidoarjo regency so that related parties can consider them to improve or maintain good conditions for students. This is important so that the student's condition (physical fitness and weight status) can support the learning process or activities carried out by children and adolescents. In the future, the results of this study are expected to be a concern to creating an activity that can stabilize the fitness and weight status of students and adolescents in the midst of an easy life that makes children and adolescents less mobile or sedentary life and consumes food that is not healthy.