Traditional games to reinforce the character of students in terms of educational qualifications: a meta-analysis

Physical education plays an important role in shaping human character through pleasurable physical activity. One of the fun and noble physical activities is the traditional game. Traditional games are rich in noble values that are able as learners' character boosters. This study analyzed the role of traditional games on strengthening the character of learners reviewed from the level of education. The research method used is a meta-analysis by checking ten national journal articles formulated with the Glass formula. The results showed that traditional games have a very strong influence on strengthening the character of middle school education learners. At the elementary school level, traditional games have a high effect on strengthening the character of learners. But at the high school level, the influence of traditional games on strengthening the character of learners can be ignored or the effect is very small.


INTRODUCTION
Physical education, sports, and health (PJOK) as an education that utilizes physical activity and a healthy lifestyle to produce a complete change in the quality of individuals have a very vital role in the formation of humans (healthy) completely (Mashuri & Pratama, 2019). Healthy human beings are a perfect human condition, both physical, spiritual, and social, not only free from disease or weakness (World Health Organization (WHO), 2020). PJOK, through physical activity and habituation of healthy living, is believed to be of real benefit in the formation of the student's body and the physical fitness of learners . PJOK also has a major impact on the psyche of learners who encourage learners to behave well and correctly. The encouragement is seen in sports activities Jurnal SPORTIF: Jurnal Penelitian Pembelajaran,7 (4) (Maksum, 2009).
PJOK becomes a medium to encourage learners in motor development, physical abilities, knowledge, reasoning, value-raising (attitude-mental-emotional-spiritual-social), and the formation of a healthy lifestyle that boils down to balanced growth and development (Royana, 2017). One of the efforts to benefit from PJOK is to align traditional games in PJOK learning because traditional games are able to stimulate various aspects of child development, namely motor, cognitive, emotional, language, social, spiritual, ecological, and moral values (Misbach, 2006 Based on the description, this study aims to analyze the effectiveness of traditional games against strengthening the character of learners from the level of education. This meta-analysis research is expected to provide the best solution for teachers to apply traditional games that will be used for PJOK learning that is tailored to the level of education and strengthening the educational values of students' character.

METHOD
This study is a meta-analysis. A meta-analysis is a robust study design that combines published and unpublished studies to collect the effects of interventions (e.g., drugs, devices, surgeries, treatment strategies) on clinical and intermediate outcomes. Therefore, a reliable  (Anugraheni, 2018).
The research data collection is done by searching for researched articles contained in online journals using Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.co.id/). The stages of screening (screening) research articles are described as follows.   Based on the study of 10 articles, the results of the study obtained the effect size of traditional games on strengthening the character of learners in physical education subjects reviewed from the level of education are as follows. The results in table 2 can be described simply the comparison of the effect size of each level of education is as follows. Traditional games as a tool to strengthen students' character have a vital position, namely as a tool to restore the nature of learners as creatures who like to play. Through traditional games, unwitting learners will absorb the values contained in the game and strengthen the character that has been owned by learners (Huda, 2018). The approach to teaching local culture is very useful in optimizing the implementation of strengthening character education. Therefore, the standard of character values set in schools must follow local cultural values and rules that have been integrated with student life behaviour (Effendi et al., 2020). This applies to learners in childhood and early adolescence who essentially like games as a routine activity in their lives. Therefore, traditional games at elementary, junior high, and high school education levels are able to strengthen the character of learners.   games should be more than 60%. The higher the level of education, the more leads to academic education (Harun, 2013). This means that character education through traditional games in PJOK should start basic education (SD) with a portion of 60% and 40% of academic education.
The portion given at the junior high level is 50% for character education and 50% for academic education. The portion of high school education for character education through traditional games in PJOK subjects can be up to 40% and 60% for academic education.

CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis research seeks to find the influence of traditional games on strengthening learners' character based on education levels.
The results of this meta-analysis research can be concluded that traditional games strongly influence elementary education students. At the level of junior high school education, traditional games are very influential in strengthening learners' character. But the influence of traditional games on strengthening character at the level of high school education is less influential or the effect can be ignored.