Architecture Design Development of e-Learning for Primary School Learning in Madiun City

— Learning quality can be improved by utilizing technology and digital media in teaching and learning. Based on a survey conducted in 2021 at 33 elementary schools in Madiun City, most teachers still use WhatsApp Group media in delivering material. However, schools with good technological facilities can better understand technology for teachers and students. This research is downstream from previous research that recommended the development of LMS-based e-learning in elementary schools in Madiun City. The importance of good management in documenting the teaching and learning process can be used as monitoring and evaluation material to improve the quality of learning. Data collection in this study was carried out by direct observation at SDN 01 and SDN 03 Manisrejo Madiun City, as well as surveys conducted at 33 elementary schools in the Madiun City Education Office. The results of this research are internal and external condition analysis, business process analysis, Data, and Information architecture design, application architecture design, technology architecture design, and people architecture design which can be used as Pecel-AE application development framework documents.


I. INTRODUCTION
The development of technology today significantly affects various life activities. The influence of technological developments can be seen in the impact on the social behavior of people who are highly dependent on technological advances [1] [2]. One of the forms of activity that depend on technological developments is in the world of education. Learning tools are a medium that teachers can use to deliver material to their students.
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the learning methods applied to educational institutions. The process of delivering learning which is all done face-to-face in person (offline/outside the network), switches to the online method (in the network) [3] [4]. This change in learning methods requires teachers and students to master an understanding of digital literacy.
In addition to learning with the online process, in this 21st-century era, teachers are required to have the ability to utilize Digital Technology in delivering material or making learning materials by using digital media [3][4] [5].
Research [6] analyzed teachers, students, and educational institutions' readiness to prepare abilities, facilities, and policies in the online learning process with a survey of 33 elementary school education institutions in Madiun City. There are still 75 teachers who use Whatsapp Group, and only nine use Learning Management System in the learning process. The survey results show that the learning process that utilizes technology has a significant impact on student abilities [7].
The benefits of e-learning in the learning process can be used as a medium that can manage the learning process [8][9] [10]. The use of e-learning can be optimized using the LMS (Learning Management System) method [11]. In this study, the Architecture Design of the development of LMS-based e-learning in Elementary Schools in Madiun City will be described as a downstream of the results of the previous research [6] [7]. The e-learning application will be named Pecel-AE (Primary School Learning Madiun), which will function as an application for learning management in elementary schools within the scope of Madiun City.
The development of an application must be adjusted to existing business processes so that the application can become an application with a favorable investment value for an agency. The development process is carried out by creating an architectural design that will be a guideline for application developers [12] [13]. The results of this study are architectural design recommendations in the development process of the Pecel-AE application.

II. RESEARCH METHOD
The development of the Pecel-AE e-learning application architecture design uses several stages adopting from the development of the method [14][15] as follows: The development of the Pecel-AE e-learning application includes several stages, as shown in figure 1 above. At the observation stage, observations and data collection refers to the study [6].
The observation was carried out with Focus Group Discussion activities with principals and teachers from 33 schools within the Madiun City Education Office. The action continues with data collection to determine the need for developing e-learning applications and utilizing digital media in the learning process.
At the stage of the analysis carried out, research of internal and external conditions, an analysis of the needs of business processes, and the needs of the management in the development of applications. The third stage carries out data/information architecture design activities, application architecture, technology architecture, and human resource architecture for application development. From the results of the analysis and design that has been made, it is continued in the evaluation process on the part of the management/decision maker. The evaluation stage was

III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
This study produced an architectural design that will be used as a guide in developing the Pecel-AE application. The importance of application development design architecture can be an application development framework [12][16] [17]. In developing the Pecel-AE e-learning application, it begins with the identification of application development needs that are adapted to running business processes, analyzing internal and external needs, making data/information architecture designs, technology, applications, and human resources [18] [19] in providing improved quality of learning at SDN 01 Manisrejo and SDN 03 Manisrejo Madiun City. To produce the results of the appropriate analysis and design, it will be continued with evaluation activities at the policy maker/decision maker. These activities are carried out to align the business process of the learning process with the application to be developed so that the application developed will have investment value for the school. The description of the discussion of each activity is explained as follows:

Analysis of internal and external conditions
Aligning application development to suit an agency's objectives can be done by observing the agency's internal and external conditions. Therefore, a study of the internal and external conditions of two experiment schools, SDN 01 and SDN 03 Manisrejo, Madiun City, was conducted at this stage. The results of the analysis of the internal and external conditions of the two experimental schools are as follows: threats and challenges. The analysis results will be the source of strategy formulation for developing the Pecel-AE application.

Business process analysis of e-learning development
Business process analysis can be a management strategy to carry out activities that run in the industry [20]. The business process needs for the development of Pecel-AE e-learning applications are as follows: Adding assignments to be given to students, the assignments given can be essay assignments, multiple choices, or files uploaded by students Create discussion class Chat rooms can be used as a medium for discussion between teachers and students Attendance The teacher carries out the attendance of students at each learning meeting Grade Assessment of the results of the work done by students, at the end of the meeting, the teacher can recapitulate the grades that are generated into Nilai_akhir in the form of numbers and letters. Nilai_akhir can be used as an indicator of the report card value Print grade recapitulation The grades of each assignment have been recapitulated and can be printed by the teacher and the administrative officer as a reporting document or archive Join class Students can join the meeting class for each course that the teacher has created View materials Students can view the material that the teacher has uploaded at each meeting Download materials In addition to viewing materials, students can also download learning materials sent by the teacher Send task answer Assignments undertaken by students can be sent in the form of files (by uploading files) or sending answers/answer choices directly View grade Students can see the grade of the work on the work if the teacher has graded the submitted work Print a learning activity recapitulation report Scoring activities and recapitulation of learning activities can be carried out by teachers, Tus, and Super admins, who will be used as material for monitoring the process and learning outcomes that are held Add users Adding data to users who can access it can only be done by super admins

Architecture Desain
Architectural design adjustments to the conditions and business processes running at the agency can be described by the Enterprise Architecture design [23][24] [25] [26]. In the subdiscussion of architectural design, the development of Pecel-AE will be made of four methods, including: (1) Data / Information Architecture Design, (2) Application Architecture Design, (3) Technology Architecture Design, and (4) People's Architectural Design.

a. Data/Information Architecture Desain
The design of the data and information architecture is depicted in a matrix below:  Table 3 above identifies the data needs used in each information processing. From the matrix, 19 data and ten pieces of information are needed. Developers can use the results of this matrix to analyze the integration between data that has been defined so that they can produce the report as required.

b. Application Architecture Desain
Application architecture is a conceptual design used to generate information from data processing to support an agency's business processes [14] [27]. The application architecture design in figure 3 below illustrates the relationship between business processes identified with users with access rights in Pecel-AE applications as recipients of the information. For example, the architectural design

Figure 3. A PPLICATION A RCHITECTURE D ESIGN P ECEL -AE
The portfolio design of the Pecel-AE application describes the integration between application users and the information needs of each defined business process. Therefore, this portfolio design can be used by application developers as a conceptual guide to align information needs with running business processes.

c. Technology Architecture Design
The technology architecture describes the hardware, software, and network requirements for application development [27] [28]. Figure 4 , table 4 describes the minimum specifications required for its use

d. People Architecture Design
According to the architectural design of the Pecel-AE application development, human resources are needed who will carry out the execution and implementation of the results of the analysis and structure that has been designed. The need for human resource specifications is stated in table 5 below:

Evaluation
In this study, an evaluation was carried out on the results of the design of the architectural design for the development of the Pecel-AE application. In addition, the assessment was carried out on the policy determinants, namely two principals and 35 teachers as prospective users from SDN 01 and SDN 03 Manisrejo, Madiun City.

Recommendation
The recommendations presented in this study are a development picture of the results of architectural analysis and design in the short term (1 year) and medium term (5 years) in the form of a roadmap. Figure 6 below describes the recommendations given at the development, maintenance, and operational stages of the Pecel-AE application.

IV. CONCLUSION
Research on developing LMS-based e-learning applications produces architectural analysis and design that can be used as a guidance document for developing Pecel-AE applications. The analysis includes an analysis of internal and external conditions that will examine the formulation of application development strategies. In addition, a business process needs analysis that is integrated with the information needs of each application user can be a guide for developers in processing data. The architectural designs are data/information architecture, application architecture, technology architecture, and people architecture. In the final stage, an evaluation is carried out on stakeholders as a policy basis that will be used to formulate recommendations for developing the Pecel-AE application.