3 Dimensional Dynamic Map on Buildings at University of Darussalam Gontor Based on Augmented Reality

Darussalam Gontor University (Unida Gontor) is a campus with a fairly rapid development of infrastructure. The paper-based building prototype design belonging to UNIDA Gontor is considered not able to visually represent the building that has been or will be built. This research aims to provide a prototype design update using more modern and dynamic technology that can be seen from all sides of the building and does not require physical storage, also can be used anytime and anywhere.The Application content is taken through the visual data collection stage in the form of detailed photos of buildings taken through cameras and drones. This media is based on Android which uses marker based augmented reality technology to implement 3-dimensional visualization of campus building objects, which are created through the steps of the waterfall model. The test is carried out in two stages, namely the suitability of the application with various android devices which shows compatibility with devices with a minimum size of 5 inches. The second test was conducted by distributing questionnaires to the staff of the facilities and infrastructure division of Unida Gontor with an average score of 90%, and the lecturers and multimedia student group 89.52%. Keyword—3D maps, Augmented reality, Android, Mobile Programming Abstrak— Universitas Darussalam Gontor (Unida Gontor) merupakan kampus dengan perkembangan sarana prasarana yang cukup pesat. Desain purwarupa bangunan berbasis kertas milik UNIDA Gontor dinilai belum dapat merepresentasikan secara visual bangunan yang sudah atau akan dibangun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pembaruan desain prototipe dengan menggunakan teknologi yang lebih modern dan dinamis yang dapat dilihat dari segala sisi bangunan dan tidak memerlukan penyimpanan dalam bentuk fisik serta mampu digunakan kapanpun dan dimanapun. Konten aplikasi diambil melalui tahap pengumpulan data visual berupa foto detail gedung yang diambil melalui kamera dan drone. Media berbasis android ini menggunakan teknologi augmented reality berbasis marker untuk memvisualisasikan 3D objek gedung kampus yang dibuat melalui tahapan model waterfall. Pengujian dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu kesesuaian aplikasi dengan berbagai perangkat android yang menunjukkan kesesuaian dengan perangkat dengan ukuran minimal 5 inch. Tes kedua dilakukan dengan menyebarkan angket kepada staf bagian sarana dan prasarana Unida Gontor dengan skor ratarata 90%, dosen dan kelompok mahasiswa multimedia 89.52%. Kata Kunci— Peta 3D, Augmented Reality, Android, Pemograman Mobile INTENSIF, Vol.5 No.2 August 2021 ISSN: 2580-409X (Print) / 2549-6824 (Online) DOI: https://doi.org/10.29407/intensif.v5i2.15327 194 INTENSIF: Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian dan Penerapan Teknologi Sistem Informasi


I. INTRODUCTION
Within 6 years, UNIDA Gontor has built 7 new buildings to meet the needs of campus facilities and infrastructure [1]. The speed of construction must be balanced with the availability of a building master plan design and construction that is detailed, dynamic and has a visual that can represent a real building model.The model design is needed to anticipate all needs, such as updates or required maintenance. The prototype design owned by UNIDA Gontor is still in paper form, which is considered not to clearly represent the shape of the building. This design is quite difficult to understand, especially for lay users who are not experts in the field of architecture.
Paper prototype designs are also prone to loss or damage, and have a high level of difficulty in handling design additions and developments when needed quickly. A solution that can meet these needs is to take advantage of computer technology which continues to grow very rapidly these days, one of them is augmented reality (AR) technology. AR technology allows us to be able to display 3-dimensional objects into real views and in real time. In addition, AR technology has the advantage of being easy to use without requiring too many tools [2].
A 3-dimensional digital objects are selected in the model design, based on the advantage of being able to be monitored from all sides, thus providing a detailed and comprehensive picture for potential users [3]. Android was chosen as the basis for this application because Android is the operating system most widely used by the world community today, Android applications have been used for many purposes, such as entertainment, education, business, health etc [4]. It is noted that Android applications have been used by more than 170 countries in the world and recorded 70% of the use of smartphone operating systems. Another advantage of Android is that it has an open source license so that developers have freedom in terms of development and innovation [5]. The choice of the Android operating system as the application base is also in line with the increase in smartphone users in the world, which has increased by more than 60% of the use of digital devices, this shows that smartphone is the most widely used digital device compared to other devices in the world [6]. Based on the various facts above, it is hoped that this application can be the best solution and the answer to all needs.
A study related to the use of augmented reality technology in temple buildings, shows a usability level of 8.4 out of 10, this shows that AR technology is easy to understand and use by users. Augmented Reality application interface proven capable to complete the assigned task properly, and make it easy to learn [7]. In other research about the application of sunnah based on augmented reality technology, showed an increase in interest in implementing sunnah from 25% to 34%, as well as an increase in knowledge of sunnah up to 92%. This increase is based on attractive AR application features, both in terms of 3-dimensional objects and interface design that are very popular with users, especially teenagers [8]. In another research, it was stated that 3dimensional modeling has advantages compared to 2-dimensional models, where 3-dimensional media can provide real-world experiences, concrete presentations and avoid verbalism, able to show the object as a whole with good construction and how it works, able to clearly show the organizational structure, and able to show a clear process flow [9].
Mentioned in a research related to the development of 3-dimensional objects in animal and plant cells, that some of the aspects possessed by 3D objects that can attract users to study them are the attractiveness of colors, backgrounds, images, and animation. Suitability of size Image, Image exposure accuracy and movement speed [10]. Other Research explained on the use of Augmented reality technology to identify types of medicinal plants that a 3D object can be displayed perfectly when highlighted at a distance of 10cm with 0ᵒ angle and lighting criteria sunshine (cloudy). While lighting (dark) objects will be displayed at a distance of 15cm and angle 0ᵒ [11].
The novelty of this research is an optimization of several previous studies in the use of augmented reality for building construction, from design aspects, features aspects, color aspects, detailed model aspects, application suitability aspects and the ease of using applications adapted to various users, evidenced by the evaluation results are quite good and the application can be accepted by potential users. The use of augmented reality technology is expected that the building master plan will have adaptive and dynamic charasteristic. The dynamics here are that the building design master plan can be accessed easily, anywhere and anytime using a smartphone, without the hassle of carrying the design on paper.

A. Sources
The 3-dimensional modeling in this research uses a blender application, blender is an open source licensed application, specifically for computer modeling, animation and 3D graphics creation [12]. The markers of augmented reality that have been designed will be inserted into the target image database contained in the Vuforia Developer [13].This application is run on the android operating system version 5.0 and above, and runs on devices with a minimum size of 5 inches, this application is run on the android operating system version 5.0 and above, and is run on devices with a minimum size of 5 inches, using the android Studio development kit (SDK) as a platform development tool and as an Application Programming Interface (API) [14]. The target marker card design uses Adobe Photoshop software, an image processing application from the Adobe System devoted to photo / image editing [15]. Merging 3-dimensional objects and target markers using unity3d software, a cross-platform based game engine that can be used to create interactive games and applications that can be used on computer devices, Android smartphones, iPhone, PS3, and even the X-BOX [16].

Design
The design stage is carried out after the data needs are met, the activities at this stage are designing a 3D model of buildings, system architecture diagrams, use cases and activity diagrams, as well as designing target markers for the needs of 3D object recognition, also designing the interface design of the mobile application that will be used.

Implementation
This stage implements every 3d building model that has been made into the mobile application and registers each target marker card into the vuforia application so that it can be recognized by the system. It is hoped that at this stage, the 3D building mobile application has been completed in beta form.

Verification
Application testing is carried out at this stage, by testing the compatibility level of the application with various sizes of android devices, as well as testing the application to potential users and multimedia experts to get corrections and suggestions. the verification data obtained by distributing questionnaires.

Maintenance
At this stage, the application is refined based on input from the results of the questionnaire that has been distributed at the verification stage. Treatment is carried out regularly to get satisfactory results.
The augmented reality method used is marker based augmented reality, markers that have been designed will be inserted into the target image database contained in the Vuforia Developer [13].

III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
A. Requirement Table 1 is an exploratory stage, starting from problem identification to technology solutions used in the development of this augmented reality application. Initial exploration starts from exploring problems by conducting interviews and distributing pre-research questionnaires to the facilities and infrastructure section of UNIDA Gontor, which concludes the need to develop an augmented reality application for building master plans at UNIDA Gontor. Technology to be used Augmented reality After completing problem identification stage, it is continued with the visual building data collection stage. Visual sampling is done using cameras and drones, aerial photos taken from drone provide a side view of the building along with the whole that is around him that is more real, and capable provides a wider viewpoint [18]. An example of the results of visual building data collection can be seen in Figure 2 below.   When data needs have been met, the next step is to create a flow and steps for using the application, in Figure 5 below describes the relationships between components, aimed of providing a comprehensive view of the system to be developed, in the form of a system architecture diagram [19].

Figure 5. A SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE DIAGRAM
The next step is to prepare a sequence in the system to be built, by explaining the behavior desired by the user, and the flow of activity in the system designed that involve user or user action In using the application, Figures 6 and 7 below explain the use case and activity diagram of the application [20].  The next step is to design a target marker, the target market is an object, often a card that will be used in the tracking process for a 3-dimensional object, tracking marker is a process carried out by the system when doing image scan to an existing database. In this case Vuforia as the provider service performs the tracking marker process [21]. The target application markers are shown in Figure 8 below.    Table 2 shows the results of the trial process of installing applications to several Android devices, it was concluded the level of compatibility of this application with devices with a screen size of at least 5 inches.  Test is also aimed at 8 staff of the infrastructure division of UNIDA Gontor as potential users of this application, aiming to find out whether the application that has been designed can meet the needs and can update the blueprint design of building paper that has been previously owned, testing is carried out by distributing questionnaires that show the results an average of 90%, so that It can be said that this application can be accepted as the future infrastructure development designs that are easier, more structured, dynamic and adaptive. the results of the staff questionnaire can be shown in Figure 12 below.

IV. CONCLUSION
Based on the results of several tests, it can be concluded that this application is feasible to use, and is able to function as a renewal model of the paper-based building blueprint previously owned by UNIDA Gontor, indicated by the results of the evaluation through questionnaires distributed on design aspects, features aspects, color aspects, aspects detailed model, application suitability aspects which received an average value of 89.52, and the evaluation results of potential users showed an average value of 90 indicating that this application according to user requirements. We hope that in the future this research can be improved by adding the design of electricity and water line infrastructure, so that it can complement the usefulness of this dynamic 3D model in many ways and functions.