Information System Strategic Planning For Tourism Transportation Company Using Ward And Peppard Methodology

Implementation of Information Systems in company business processes can increase efficiency and effectiveness. However, without adequate planning in the implementation of Information Systems, the performance can not have the desired impact. Therefore, a strategic plan is needed to implement the Information System aligned with the Company's vision and mission, and objectives. The method used in this research is the Ward and Peppard methodology. The background to the use of the Ward and Peppard methodology in this study is because the Ward and Peppard methodology contains a definitive and complete framework that focuses not only on technology but also on the organization's business needs. The results of this research are application recommendations and an application development roadmap for the next four years. It is hoped that this research can help improve the Company's business processes more effectively and efficiently by improving information management within an organization. Keyword—Ward and Peppard, SWOT, Value Chain's, PEST, Application Portfolio Abstrak—Implementasi Sistem Informasi pada proses bisnis perusahaan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektifitas. Namun tanpa adanya perencanaan yang baik dalam implementasi Sistem Informasi, implementasi yang dilakukan tidak dapat memberikan dampak yang dikehendaki. Maka dari itu dibutuhkan suatu perencanaan yang bersifat strategis agar implementasi Sistem Informasi dapat selaras dengan visi-misi dan tujuan perusahaan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metodologi Ward and Peppard. Latar belakang penggunaan metodologi Ward and Peppard dalam penelitian ini karena metodologi Ward and Peppard memuat kerangka kerja yang jelas dan lengkap yang tidak hanya berfokus pada teknologi, namun lebih berfokus pada kebutuhan bisnis organisasi. Penelitian ini menghasilkan rekomendasi aplikasi dan roadmap pengembangan aplikasi dalam jangka waktu empat tahun kedepan. Diharapkan dengan adanya penelitian ini dapat membantu memperbaiki proses bisnis perusahaan yang lebih efektif dan efisien dengan membenahi manajemen informasi di dalamnya. . Kata Kunci—Ward and Peppard, SWOT, Value Chain’s, PEST, Portofolio Aplikasi INTENSIF, Vol.5 No.1 February 2021 ISSN: 2580-409X (Print) / 2549-6824 (Online) DOI: https://doi.org/10.29407/intensif.v5i1.14609 44 INTENSIF: Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian dan Penerapan Teknologi Sistem Informasi


I. INTRODUCTION
The rapid advancement of information technology has an impact on changing the way organizations manage their business processes. Now the use of information systems to support organizational business processes is increasingly being implemented. The implementation of information systems by organizations aims to make business processes effective and efficient [1][2] [3]. But without adequate planning, investment for the development and implementation of information systems will not provide Break-Even Points, Return of Investment, and the expected effect. [4]. For that, we need an Information System Strategic Planning that can help to be able to implement an information system that suits your needs [5][6] [7]. The utilization of information systems to support organizational business processes will also provide added value and differentiation of services to competitors [8]. Planning is strategic because the development and implementation of information systems are carried out gradually, thoroughly, and long-term [9]. It is adjusted based on the strength of the resources owned by the organization.
Bus company X is a tourism transportation service provider in Indonesia. Company X is still running conventional business processes that have not made use of information technology. With this traditional business process, the Company has difficulty arranging booking schedules, arranging vehicle maintenance schedules, and arranging plans for the crew on duty. The distribution of workload is more balanced, managing finances, and finding new customers.
Besides, the records carried out in the Company's business processes are not well documented because there is no support from an information system under the Company's needs.
This Information Systems Strategic Planning uses the Ward and Peppard methodology. The Ward and Peppard methodology is used because this methodology has a complete and transparent framework. The Ward and Peppard methodology also emphasizes the organization's business needs, rather than architecture and technology, as highlighted in the Zachman Methodology. The Ward and Peppard methodology includes an input phase and an output phase (Ward & Peppard, 2002). The input phase includes Value Chain analysis to analyze business conditions within the organization, PEST analysis to explore political, economic, socio-cultural, and technological influences on organizational business processes. Porter's Five Forces Competitive analysis to analyze the external business conditions of the organization. Apart from exploring the organization's internal and external business conditions, the Ward and Peppard methodology input phase also diagnose its internal and external IS conditions. For the output phase, such as information system solution strategy, IT strategy, and IS management strategy in the form of application recommendations that will be mapped using the McFarlan Strategic Grid INTENSIF, Vol. Matrix. The application recommendations will then be compiled in the information system development roadmap within the next four (4) years [10].
The research scope is limited to strategic planning that produces recommendations for information system applications using the Ward and Peppard methodology and information systems development roadmap for companies. It is hoped that using the Ward and Peppard methodology in strategic planning of information systems at tourism transportation service companies can improve company management by carrying out better information management.
It can also increase the Company's efficiency and effectiveness to generate added value for the Company.

II. RESEARCH METHOD
This study will use the Ward and Peppard methodology to produce information system application recommendations for companies. The research used a qualitative descriptive method approach with the President Director, Operations Manager, and General Affairs Division Manager of the X bus company as sources. So that in data retrieval, the authors get primary data by conducting interviews with authorities and making direct observations at the X autobus company. The qualitative descriptive method approach is used because the data provided by the  Chain analysis to analyze business processes that occur within the organization by dividing the organization's activities by classifying these primary activities or supporting activities [11] [12].
Then there is the PEST analysis, which identifies the political, economic, socio-cultural, and technological influences on the Company's business processes. After that, there is an analysis of business competition conditions by using Porter's Five Competitive Forces analysis, which measures business competition, consumers, suppliers, substitute products, and new entrants to similar businesses [13]. These analyses are used as input for research, which will produce INTENSIF, Vol. recommendations for information systems as the output of this study [14]. After that, the information system recommendations are mapped using the McFarlan Strategic Grid matrix. The flow carried out in the Ward and Peppard methodology is shown in Figure 2: 1. IS Strategy, which covers how each part of the organization's business processes, will apply the Information System to achieve its business goals.
2. IT strategy includes policies and procedures for managing information technology facilities and infrastructure and human resources to use the information system.
3. IS Management Strategy, which includes general parts applied by the organization, ensures consistency in the implementation and adjustment of Information System policies needed.
The Ward and Peppard methodology output is a portfolio of applications that the organization can develop in the future. The portfolio will form an application or information system proposal that will be developed and implemented so that each part of the organization can be integrated by harmonizing technological developments and the organization's business development [15]. After the organization implements the information system recommendations, this portfolio will become an application that will reference further system development and refinement.

A. Company Overview
The Autobus X Company is one of Indonesia's tourism transportation service providers, which has a fleet of 70 buses and 150 employees. PO. X is domiciled in a city in Central Java and has a market share in Central Java, Yogyakarta Special Region, and parts of East Java. PO. X has the vision to become a leading tourism transportation service provider in service quality and fleets in Indonesia that can make a real contribution to the community and the surrounding environment.

Porter's Value Chain analysis
Value Chain Analysis is used to analyze business processes that occur within the organization by dividing the organization's activities by classifying the activities of the main activities or supporting activities within the organization. Also, Value Chain analysis is used to analyze business processes and strategic opportunities that can be exploited by the Company. 2) Fluctuations in the value of foreign exchange will affect the fleet's purchase price and spare parts.
3) The fluctuation of world oil prices will affect the selling price of fuel used and affect the fleet rental price.
c. Social 1) The tendency of today's people who are happy to travel is to unwind.
2) The trend is to share information and photos of tourist attractions on social media by the public.

Environmental Analysis of Company Internal Information Systems
Analysis of the internal information system environment is used to assess the condition and strength of information systems applied to the organization. The assessment of information systems includes hardware, software & systems, infrastructure, network devices, and human resources involved to support business and technical needs in the organization-analysis of the internal environment information system at the PO. X currently has not fully implemented information systems specifically for the parts of the Company to carry out the business processes that are in it. However, the Company has taken advantage of information technology in word processing applications and word processing applications developed by Microsoft with Microsoft Office products for recording, accounting, data collection, reporting, and correspondence. The infrastructure at the PO. X is also immensely supportive of 5 desktop computers with average specifications using AMD Quad Core A10, 4 GB RAM, and 1TB hard drive, capable enough to run the applications needed. The internet network has also been connected to company computers using internet providers from Telkom with a bandwidth of 10mbps. So that the existing infrastructure at the PO. X is ready to implement information systems to support existing business processes in the Company.

Environmental Analysis of the Company's external Information System
Analysis of the Company's external information system environment is an analysis that measures and sees the use of information systems by companies or similar organizations. With the rapid development of web technology, cloud computing, data science, and smartphones today, many transportation service companies utilize this technology to support corporate business processes. Web technology is used as a medium for booking tickets or fleets to be used. Apart from using the web, transportation service companies also use smartphones to make it easier for customers. The server technology implemented is a cloud-based server provided by the provider as a hosting medium for the applied information system. For example, a similar transportation company engaged in intercity and inter-province transportation services has utilized web-based and mobile-based reservation systems to make ticket sales. Apart from developing information systems independently, several third-party companies have also offered their services to cooperate in ticket sales and services to save on system development costs. The use of information technology is not only used as a reservation medium. Still, companies use it as promotional media by placing advertisements on social media to reach more potential customers.

D. IS Solution Strategy
Based on the results of the analysis in the previous phase, namely the study of the Company's internal and external business environment, as well as an analysis of the internal and external information system environment, the results of the investigation have a function as an input to develop an information system solution strategy. The input is then processed and produces an information system proposal. The proposed information system for PO. X is listed in Online Reservation Management Information System functions as a reservation medium used by consumers. The use of IS aims to make it easier for consumers to select and reserve fleets and crews according to consumer preferences. Payment, both receipt and full compensation, can be made through a virtual account, which will be created automatically by the system according to the customer's reservation. Besides, the Operations Department will use in managing orders that have previously been ordered by customers. In this IS, employees can manage the fleet and crew schedule, which will be on duty according to consumer demand. Also, this IS can also monitor each fleet's productivity and income based on reservations from consumers.

E. IT Strategy
With the implementation of the information system recommendations, the Company needs additional facilities so that the applied information system can run well. The Company needed to increase the number of computers and upgrade its existing computers to meet each part of the system's need to operate. In addition to adding computers, companies also need to procure printers and increase internet network bandwidth to support the system that will be implemented later.

F. IS Management Strategy
After the IS recommendations are implemented, the Company needs to conduct training for the related employees who will operate the system to be more skilled in using it. Besides, the IS that has been implemented requires exceptional management so that the implemented IS can give the expected effect. Companies need to have a special section that can handle IS and IT within the Company. This IT department will later provide assistance and support to all IS and IT in the Company. The IT Department will also be responsible for repairing, developing, and ensuring that all IS and IT devices in the Company run well without any obstacles that will disrupt the running business processes.

G. IS Implementation Plan
The results of mapping information system recommendations using the McFarlan Strategic Grid matrix as listed in Table 3 can be made an information system implementation plan guided Information System, Company website, and CRM IS. The information system will be developed and implemented within the next 4 (four) years, namely in 2021 -2024. The IS strategic plan that has been prepared will make an excellent contribution to the Company to run information technology-based business processes by the Company's operational needs. The preparation of an IS strategic plan using the Ward and Peppard framework for a company can provide an overview of how IS / IT should be implemented according to company needs. Suggestions for further research are to conduct further research to analyze further the feasibility of the IS recommendations that have been produced. Besides, further research is also needed to carry out development based on the IS recommendations that have been proposed.