Efektor
type: channel
description: Efektor is a journal that contains the results of research or comprehensive literature review in the fields of Economics and Education. Efektor is a Journal published online two times a year in May and November. ISSN Print : 0854-1922 ISSN Online : 2355-956X
publisher: Universitas Nusantara PGRI Kediri
language: en
publication name: Efektor
issn: 0854-1922
copyright: Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Copyright on any article is retained by the author(s). The author grants the journal, the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. The article and any associated published material is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
items: Academic Ethics Of Using AI In Assignments For History Students
items: Implementation of the Interactive Alphabet Fishing Game to Improve Letter Recognition Skills at TKM NU 14 Al Mustaqim Sitirejo Wagir
items: Implementation of Mini Market Simulation in Improving Understanding of Currency Value in Early Childhood
items: The Implementation of Field Trips to Enhance Expressive Language Development at TKM NU 4 Miftahul Huda Mendalanwangi Wagir Malang
items: Letter Bowling Game To Improve Pre Reading Ability At TK Muslimat NU 10 Ngebruk Sumberpucung Malang
items: The Influence of Storytelling Assisted by Flipchart Media on Number Concept Understanding in Children Aged 4-5 Years
items: Reconstruction Of The Early Childhood Education Curriculum Framework Based On Computational Thinking
items: The Development of Early Childhood Education Curriculum in Indonesia: A Literature Review and Policy Analysis Across Historical Periods
items: Implementation of the Cheerful Tray Congklak Game (Traycer) to Improve Numeracy Concept Skills at the Nice Kids Malang Kindergarten
items: Development and Effectiveness Testing of a Scratch-Based Interactive E-Module Using the ADDIE Model on Whole Number Addition and Subtraction for Second Grade Elementary Students
items: Development of an Early Childhood Education Curriculum Based on Local Culture in the Context of Global Competence: A Literature Review
items: Utilization of Social Media in Building Brand Awareness Case Study: Kampung Mandiri Sidoharjo
items: Digital Marketing Strategy Based on Market Penetration and Focused Differentiation in a Warehousing Services Startup: A Case Study of Secure Stash
items: The Effect of Educational Treasure Hunt Games on Social-Emotional Development of Early Childhood
items: The Implementation of The seven Habits Of Great Indonesian Children In Early Childhood Education In The Era of Digital Disruption: A Quantitative Descriptive Study
items: The Meaning of Student Experience in Service Learning-Based Learning in the Playdate Course to Foster Social Entrepreneurship in Early Childhood Education
items: Technology-Based Operational Plan Optimization for Warehousing Startup:Secure Stash Case Study
items: Financial Planning and Investment Feasibility Analysis of the Warehousing Startup Company Secure Stash
items: The Dynamics of Student Social Relationships: Peer Connectivity and Its Implications for Academic Achievement
items: The Role of Gen Z in Utilizing Social Media to Enhance MSME Competitiveness Toward Indonesia Emas 2045
items: The Effect of Lapbook Media on the Ability to Recognize Letters in Children Aged 4-5
items: The Influence of the Education Game Avatar World on the Creativity of Children Aged 5-6 Years
items: Development of E-LKPD Matrix Material Based on Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) for High School Students
items: Uncovering the Hidden Relationship Between Crypto Prices and Mining Stocks: Evidence from ANTM and TINS
items: The Moderation Effect of External Auditor on the Relationship between Bank Characteristics and Credit Risk
items: Descriptive Study of Students' Mathematical Representation of Area Material Using Integral Approach
items: The Influence of the Partnership Between Village Unit Cooperatives and Dairy Cattle Farmers on the Welfare of Partnership Members in Nglurup Village, Sendang Subdistrict, Tulungagung Regency
items: The Great Parents School Program Strategy in Fostering Positive Parenting and Cultural-Civic Literacy in Early Childhood
items: The Role of Teachers in Addressing Early Childhood Bullying through Reading and Writing Literacy
items: The Impact of Learning in the Digital Age on the Achievement of Independence in Children at RA Al-Hidayah Bulango Timur

Academic Ethics Of Using AI In Assignments For History Students
type: item
description: The development of AI-based technology has had a significant impact on various aspects, including education, particularly Chatgpt. The presence of Chatgpt makes it easier for students to obtain information quickly. However, this raises concerns regarding compliance with academic ethics. This study aims to analyze students' understanding and application of academic ethics in using Chatgpt in writing AI-based history assignments. The research method used was qualitative-descriptive. The subjects of this study were history students at Surabaya State University, class of 2023 and 2024. The results showed that most students used Chatgpt as a writing aid and were familiar with the ethical principles of using AI. However, they had not yet fully implemented these ethics. Analysis using the SOLO taxonomy revealed that students' understanding ranged from pre-structural (low) to relational (high) levels, with none reaching the extended abstract level. This indicates that although some students' understanding has reached a high level, there is still potential for ethical violations. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the integration of academic ethics literacy in the use of AI in the learning process.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  topic: keywords
subject: ChatGPT
  topic: keywords
subject: Students
  topic: keywords
subject: Academic Ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: SOLO Taxonomy
  topic: keywords
creator: Sajana Putri Afida
creator: Sri Mastuti Purwaningsih
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sajana Putri Afida, Sri Mastuti Purwaningsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-16
publication date: 2026-05-16
starting page: 159
ending page: 172
doi: 10.29407/e.v13i1.28705

Implementation of the Interactive Alphabet Fishing Game to Improve Letter Recognition Skills at TKM NU 14 Al Mustaqim Sitirejo Wagir
type: item
description: This study was motivated by the low level of basic literacy skills, particularly letter recognition, among Group A children at TKM NU 14 Al Mustaqim Sitirejo Wagir. A total of 73% of the children were still categorized as Not Yet Developed (BB) and Beginning to Develop (MB) in distinguishing letter shapes and associating sounds with alphabet symbols. This study aimed to improve these skills through the use of the Alphabet Fishing Interactive game media. The method employed was a collaborative Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted in two cycles involving 10 children as participants. Data were collected through observation and documentation and analyzed based on children's developmental categories (BB, MB, BSH, BSB). The results showed a consistent improvement in letter recognition skills, increasing from 37.5% in the pre-cycle to 66.25% at the end of Cycle I and reaching 85% in Cycle II with the category Very Well Developed (BSB). These findings indicate that the Alphabet Fishing Interactive game is effective in improving children's letter recognition skills by providing concrete, multisensory, and play-based learning experiences
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Letter Recognition Ability
  topic: keywords
subject: Alphabet Fishing Interactive Game
  topic: keywords
subject: Early Childhood
  topic: keywords
creator: Risa Kurniawati
creator: Mochammad Ramli Akbar
creator: Ayu Asmah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Risa Kurniawati, Mochammad Ramli Akbar, Ayu Asmah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
starting page: 97
ending page: 106
doi: 10.29407/e.v13i1.28510

Implementation of Mini Market Simulation in Improving Understanding of Currency Value in Early Childhood
type: item
description: Understanding the value of currency in early childhood is part of strengthening early financial literacy, which needs to be developed through concrete and contextual learning experiences. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of implementing a mini-market simulation as a play-based learning strategy in improving understanding of currency values ​​in children aged 4–5 years. This study used the Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach modeled after Kemmis and McTaggart and was conducted in two cycles. Fifteen children participated in the study. Data were collected through observation using checklists, interviews, and documentation, while data analysis employed simple qualitative and quantitative descriptive approaches. The results showed a gradual increase in children's abilities, from 35% in the pre-cycle stage to 47.92% in the first cycle, and a significant increase to 82.50% in the second cycle. These findings indicate that the mini-market simulation, as a form of structured role-play, is effective in helping children understand the concept of currency values, including recognizing nominal values, understanding the function of money as a medium of exchange, and using it in simple transactions. Thus, implementing a minimarket simulation can be an effective contextual learning strategy to support strengthening financial literacy in early childhood.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: early childhood
  topic: keywords
subject: financial literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: currency value
  topic: keywords
subject: minimarket
  topic: keywords
subject: role-playing
  topic: keywords
creator: Sielvi Kusumawardani
creator: Sarah Emanuel Haryono
creator: Ayu Asmah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sielvi Kusumawardani, Sarah Emanuel Haryono, Ayu Asmah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-08
publication date: 2026-05-08
starting page: 146
ending page: 156
doi: 10.29407/e.v13i1.28367

The Implementation of Field Trips to Enhance Expressive Language Development at TKM NU 4 Miftahul Huda Mendalanwangi Wagir Malang
type: item
description: Language is essential for the cognitive development throughout early life. This linguistic proficiency encompasses receptive language comprehension, expressive language abilities, and foundational literacy. Preliminary assessments at TKM NU 4 Miftahul Huda Mendalanwangi Wagir indicated that children's expressive language proficiency remained inadequate, with an average percentage of 33.6%. This study sought to clarify the use of the field trip method in improving expressive language skills in early infancy at TKM NU 4 Miftahul Huda Mendalanwangi Wagir. The used approach was Classroom Action Research (CAR), conducted in cycles including the stages of preparation, action, observation, and reflection. The research included 13 students from Group A. Data were collected using observation sheets that included indicators of conversational expression and reaction skills, as well as the aptitude to communicate fundamental queries and opinions. The data analysis employs a quantitative descriptive technique. The results demonstrated a gradual improvement in expressive language skills. In the pre-action period, the percentage was 33.6%, which increased to 64.4% in Cycle I, and further ascended to 89.4% in Cycle II. In conclusion, experiential learning via the field trip method significantly improves the expressive language skills of young children at TKM NU 4 Miftahul Huda Mendalanwangi Wagir. Furthermore, further research is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of this technique on a broader scale and to develop alternative outdoor learning methods.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Field Trip
  topic: keywords
subject: Expressive Language
  topic: keywords
subject: Early Childhood
  topic: keywords
creator: Lailatun Nafi'ah
creator: Ayu Asmah
creator: Mochammad Ramli Akbar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Lailatun Nafi'ah, Ayu Asmah, Mochammad Ramli Akbar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
starting page: 126
ending page: 135
doi: 10.29407/e.v13i1.28356

Letter Bowling Game To Improve Pre Reading Ability At TK Muslimat NU 10 Ngebruk Sumberpucung Malang
type: item
description: Pre-reading ability is an important foundation in the development of early childhood literacy that needs to be stimulated through enjoyable learning activities suited to children’s developmental characteristics. This study aims to improve the pre-reading abilities of children aged 5–6 years through a letter bowling game at TK Muslimat NU 10 Ngebruk, Sumberpucung, Malang. The research method employed was Classroom Action Research (CAR) using the Kemmis and McTaggart model, conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The research subjects were 15 children in Group B, consisting of 9 boys and 6 girls. Data were collected through observation and documentation techniques, using an observation sheet as the research instrument to assess pre-reading abilities, which included the ability to mention letter symbols, recognize letter sounds and shapes, distinguish similar letter forms, and pronounce letters correctly. The results showed an improvement in children’s pre-reading abilities after the implementation of the letter bowling game. The percentage of pre-reading ability at the pre-action stage was 35%, increasing to 45% in Cycle I, and rising significantly to 78% in Cycle II. These results indicate that the letter bowling game is effective in improving the pre-reading abilities of children aged 5–6 years, as it creates an active, enjoyable, and meaningful learning atmosphere. Therefore, the letter bowling game can be used as an alternative learning medium to stimulate pre-reading abilities in early childhood.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: pre-reading ability
  topic: keywords
subject: letter bowling game
  topic: keywords
subject: early childhood
  topic: keywords
subject: classroom action research
  topic: keywords
creator: Ike Putri Aisyah
creator: Ayu Asmah
creator: Henni Anggraini
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ike Putri Aisyah, Ayu Asmah, Henni Anggraini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
starting page: 118
ending page: 125
doi: 10.29407/e.v13i1.28355

The Influence of Storytelling Assisted by Flipchart Media on Number Concept Understanding in Children Aged 4-5 Years
type: item
description: The problem in this study is that the number concept understanding of children aged 4–5 years has not developed optimally. This study aims to determine the effect of storytelling assisted by flipchart media on the number concept understanding of children aged 4–5 years. This research employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group design. The population of this study consisted of 40 children aged 4–5 years from TK The Green and TK Islam Alifah. The sample was selected using a saturated sampling technique, in which the entire population of 40 children was included. The treatment, in the form of storytelling activities assisted by flipchart media, was conducted over five learning sessions. Data were collected using an observation checklist with a rating scale, developed based on indicators of number concept understanding in children aged 4–5 years, including the ability to count from 1 to 10, sequence numbers, match quantities with number symbols, and distinguish concepts such as more–less, greater–smaller, and equal. The results of the study indicate that storytelling assisted by flipchart media has a significant effect on children’s number concept understanding, as evidenced by the Mann-Whitney test result with p = 0.000 (p < 0.05). The N-Gain test results show that the control class obtained a score of 0.211 (low category), while the experimental class obtained a score of 0.636 (moderate category). These findings demonstrate that storytelling assisted by flipchart media has a positive effect on improving the number concept understanding of children aged 4–5 years.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: flipchart
  topic: keywords
subject: storytelling
  topic: keywords
subject: number concept understanding
  topic: keywords
creator: Juliana Angelica Nauli Rambe
creator: Asih Budi Kurniawati
creator: Annisa Yulistia
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Juliana Angelica Nauli Rambe, Asih Budi Kurniawati, Annisa Yulistia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
starting page: 107
ending page: 117
doi: 10.29407/e.v13i1.28328

Reconstruction Of The Early Childhood Education Curriculum Framework Based On Computational Thinking
type: item
description: Computational thinking is a global competency that is important to develop from an early age because it plays a role in building reasoning, problem-solving, and decision-making skills in a systematic manner. This competency is understood as a way of thinking that includes the ability to decompose, recognize patterns, abstract, and algorithmize. This study aims to examine the development of an Early Childhood Education (PAUD) curriculum that integrates computational thinking competencies in line with children's developmental characteristics. The research method used is a narrative literature study with thematic analysis of journal articles, books, and research reports relevant to computational thinking and early childhood education. There were 12 literature reviews analyzed, focusing on the concept of computational thinking, the learning approaches used, and their implications for PAUD curriculum development. The results of the study show that the development of a computational thinking curriculum in PAUD needs to emphasize learning experiences that are concrete, collaborative, and meaningful, as well as placing computational thinking as a way of thinking that is integrated into meaningful play activities. Computational thinking as a pedagogy is a way for teachers to design children's learning experiences so that children become accustomed to structured, logical, reflective, and problem-oriented thinking through play activities. This finding emphasizes the importance of developing an early childhood education curriculum that is responsive to children's global competency needs from an early age.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Computational Thinking
  topic: keywords
subject: Curriculum Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Early Childhood Education
  topic: keywords
creator: Irma Yuliantina
creator: Siti Roimah
creator: Theresia Pipiet Dwi Hindarti
creator: Dewi Murti Yuliati
creator: Cindy Maurellia
creator: Sri Lestari
creator: Bahtiar
creator: Siti Khuwaida Zilaniah Al Mumtazah
creator: Wyanita Setya Husnaeni
creator: Anisya Fitriasari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Irma Yuliantina, Siti Roimah, Theresia Pipiet Dwi Hindarti, Dewi Murti Yuliati, Cindy Maurellia, Sri Lestari, Bahtiar, Siti Khuwaida Zilaniah Al Mumtazah, Wyanita Setya Husnaeni, Anisya Fitriasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
starting page: 64
ending page: 73
doi: 10.29407/e.v13i1.28277

The Development of Early Childhood Education Curriculum in Indonesia: A Literature Review and Policy Analysis Across Historical Periods
type: item
description: The curriculum plays a strategic role in ensuring the quality of Early Childhood Education (ECE) services. This study aims to analyze the development of the ECE curriculum in Indonesia across different historical periods based on official government policy documents and curriculum guidelines, to identify the key characteristics of curriculum policies in each period, and to examine the direction of curriculum change from a pedagogical perspective. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using policy-oriented library research. Data sources consist of official curriculum documents and government regulations covering the period from pre-independence to ECE curriculum policies in effect up to 2025. Data analysis was conducted through content analysis using a historical–policy approach and thematic interpretation grounded in early childhood developmental paradigms. The findings indicate that the deelopment of the ECE curriculum in Indonesia is contextual, adapting to prevailing cultural conditions and political policies of each era. Despite changes in nomenclature and structure, ECE curricula over time share fundamental characteristics, including a holistic orientation to child development, an emphasis on values and character education, recognition of play-based learning as a core pedagogical approach, and the strategic role of educators in curriculum implementation. These findings affirm that changes in ECE curriculum policy are primarily contextual while consistently adhering to child-centered learning principles.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: curriculum
  topic: keywords
subject: early childhood education
  topic: keywords
subject: curriculum policy
  topic: keywords
subject: curriculum development
  topic: keywords
creator: Irma Yuliantina
creator: Mansyur Ridho
creator: Marijah Marijah
creator: Iik Zakiah Darajat
creator: Dwi Adji Dilliani
creator: Faridatul Ula
creator: Indri Ristiani
creator: Mega Endang Sari
creator: Nunuk Eny
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Irma Yuliantina, Mansyur Ridho, Marijah Marijah, Iik Zakiah Darajat, Dwi Adji Dilliani, Faridatul Ula, Indri Ristiani, Mega Endang Sari , Nunuk Eny https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
starting page: 38
ending page: 51
doi: 10.29407/e.v13i1.28255

Implementation of the Cheerful Tray Congklak Game (Traycer) to Improve Numeracy Concept Skills at the Nice Kids Malang Kindergarten
type: item
description: Counting is an important skill for early childhood cognitive development. This counting skill includes understanding the number of objects, the ability to identify and sequence numbers correctly. The results of initial observations conducted at the Nice Kids Malang Kindergarten showed that children's number concept abilities were still low at 35%. This study aimed to investigate the application of the Congklak Traycer game in improving number concept abilities at the Nice Kids Malang Kindergarten Kindergarten. The method used in this study was a classroom action that was carried out in cycles, through the stages of planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study consisted of 10 children aged 4-5 years. Data collection in this study utilized an observation sheet that included indicators of number concepts, number symbols, one-to-one correspondence, and cardinality. Data analysis utilized a quantitative descriptive approach. The study findings showed a gradual increase in number concept abilities. In the pre-action stage, 35% increased to 45% in cycle I, and increased significantly to 82.48% in cycle II. Based on the classical success criteria in cycle II, exceeding the completion indicator of >75%, 8 out of 10 children were able to master the concepts of counting, number symbols, one-to-one correspondence, and cardinality very well. It can be concluded that game-based learning with concrete media through cheerful congklak trays (traycers) has been proven to help improve the conceptual ability of counting in early childhood at KB Nice Kids Malang. In addition, further research is needed to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method on a larger sample, as well as to develop innovative and fun teaching materials.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: the concept of counting
  topic: keywords
subject: cheerful congklak tray
  topic: keywords
subject: early childhood
  topic: keywords
creator: Isnaini Mukarromah
creator: Ayu Asmah
creator: Mochammad Ramli Akbar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Isnaini Mukarromah, Ayu Asmah, Mochammad Ramli Akbar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
starting page: 52
ending page: 63
doi: 10.29407/e.v13i1.28252

Development and Effectiveness Testing of a Scratch-Based Interactive E-Module Using the ADDIE Model on Whole Number Addition and Subtraction for Second Grade Elementary Students
type: item
description: Mathematics instruction at the elementary level often encounters difficulties, particularly in teaching addition and subtraction of whole numbers. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a Scratch-based interactive e-module using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) for second-grade elementary students. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach involving 14 students. Data were collected through expert validation sheets, student response questionnaires, and pretest–posttest assessments. Quantitative descriptive Analysis was used to determine validity and practicality, while effectiveness was analyzed using the N-Gain test and paired sample t-test with SPSS. The feasibility criteria were defined as a validation percentage ≥ 81% (very feasible), and effectiveness was determined if the N-Gain reached at least the moderate category (≥ 30%) and the t-test significance value was p < 0.05. The results showed that expert validation scores reached 94.00% and 92.86%, categorized as very feasible. Student responses obtained an average of 85.89% (very practical). Students’ mean scores improved from 50.00 (pretest) to 82.14 (posttest), with an N-Gain of 64.24% (moderate category). The paired t-test indicated a statistically significant difference (p = 0.000 < 0.05). These findings confirm that the Scratch-based interactive e-module is effective in improving students’ learning outcomes. This study contributes scientifically by providing a systematically developed Scratch-integrated mathematics e-module and empirical evidence of its effectiveness in elementary education contexts.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Interactive E-Module
  topic: keywords
subject: Scratch
  topic: keywords
subject: Whole Numbers
  topic: keywords
subject: Learning Outcomes
  topic: keywords
subject: Elementary School
  topic: keywords
creator: Risda Rosyidah Ayuni
creator: Sri Rahayu
creator: Dyah Triwahyuningtyas
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Risda Rosyidah Ayuni, Sri Rahayu , Dyah Triwahyuningtyas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 16
doi: 10.29407/e.v13i1.28237

Development of an Early Childhood Education Curriculum Based on Local Culture in the Context of Global Competence: A Literature Review
type: item
description: The development of the Early Childhood Education (PAUD) curriculum needs to be done contextually by taking into account the characteristics of the educational unit, including the local culture that exists in the children's environment. This is in line with the theoretical and pedagogical view that young children learn optimally through concrete experiences that are close to their daily lives. Local culture provides an authentic context for play, exploration, and inquiry activities that enable children to learn holistically by integrating cognitive, social-emotional, linguistic, moral, and motor aspects. Furthermore, in the framework of 21st-century education, strengthening global competencies does not mean neglecting the local context, but rather starting from an understanding and appreciation of one's own culture as a foundation for interacting at a broader level. This study aims to analyze, formulate a conceptual model, or identify principles for developing a local culture-based curriculum in early childhood education through a review of theoretical foundations, previous research findings, and Indonesian government policies that emphasize the analysis of educational unit characteristics. The method used is a narrative literature study with thematic analysis of relevant journal articles, books, and policy documents. The results of the study show that the local culture-based ECE curriculum is in line with the principles of meaningful and child-centered learning and strengthens the character of young children.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Early Childhood Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Curriculum Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Local Culture
  topic: keywords
subject: Global Competence
  topic: keywords
subject: Literature Review
  topic: keywords
creator: Irma Yuliantina
creator: Yoshepine Wijayanti
creator: Resi Lovita
creator: Rina Damayanti
creator: Yunita
creator: Sekar Pinilih
creator: Dian Nur Rachmawati
creator: Annisa Fadhilah
creator: Kurnia Rahayu
creator: I Made Suardana Putra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Irma Yuliantina, Yoshepine Wijayanti, Resi Lovita, Rina Damayanti, Yunita, Sekar Pinilih, Dian Nur Rachmawati, Annisa Fadhilah, Kurnia Rahayu, I Made Suardana Putra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
starting page: 84
ending page: 96
doi: 10.29407/e.v13i1.28229

Utilization of Social Media in Building Brand Awareness Case Study: Kampung Mandiri Sidoharjo
type: item
description: Sidoharjo, particularly for the local product Yo Tumbas. The research employed a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation involving program managers, business actors, and consumers. The findings indicate that social media, especially Instagram and WhatsApp, plays an important role in increasing brand recognition through visual content, production processes, and community empowerment activities. However, the level of brand recall remains low due to inconsistent content management, weak visual identity, and unclear brand messaging. The main challenges include limited human resources, low digital literacy, and the absence of a structured digital marketing strategy. This study concludes that social media has strong potential as a strategic tool to build community-based brand awareness if managed systematically, sustainably, and supported by capacity building for program managers.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Brand Awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Media Marketing
  topic: keywords
subject: Community Empowerment
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Marketing; Local Products.
  topic: keywords
creator: Anzalna Nurrahma
creator: Estri Mujiati
creator: Rifki Nurdiansyah
creator: Ricky Saikhu Bima Ristanin
creator: Ema Nurzainul Hakimah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Anzalna Nurrahma, Estri Mujiati, Rifki Nurdiansyah, Ricky Saikhu Bima Ristanin, Ema Nurzainul Hakimah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
starting page: 136
ending page: 145
doi: 10.29407/e.v13i1.28147

Digital Marketing Strategy Based on Market Penetration and Focused Differentiation in a Warehousing Services Startup: A Case Study of Secure Stash
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the marketing strategies implemented by Secure Stash, a startup in the warehousing services sector. In facing an increasingly competitive and dynamic market, the company adopts a combined approach of market penetration and focused differentiation strategies. Market penetration is carried out through the utilization of digital marketing tools such as social media, websites, and partnerships with MSMEs to expand consumer reach. Meanwhile, differentiation is achieved by providing technology-based warehousing services, including the use of IoT, data security, and premium customer service. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study method. Data were obtained from the company’s internal documents and supported by recent scholarly literature. The analytical tools used include SWOT, IE Matrix, and QSPM to determine the most relevant and effective core strategies. The findings indicate that market penetration is more suitable during the company’s early growth phase, while differentiation focus serves as the main source of long-term competitive advantage. These results reinforce the view that well-structured, technology-driven digital marketing strategies can enhance customer acquisition, strengthen brand positioning, and build customer loyalty in the logistics and warehousing services sector. Secure Stash demonstrates that startups can compete in traditional industries through service innovation and the appropriate use of digital strategies.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: marketing strategy
  topic: keywords
subject: market penetration
  topic: keywords
subject: differentiation
  topic: keywords
subject: digital marketing
  topic: keywords
subject: warehousing services
  topic: keywords
creator: Windy Aristin
creator: Rhian Indradewa
creator: Hamdi Hamdi
creator: Muhammad Dhafi Iskandar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Windy Aristin, Rhian Indradewa, Hamdi Hamdi, Muhammad Dhafi Iskandar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
starting page: 25
ending page: 37
doi: 10.29407/e.v13i1.28145

The Effect of Educational Treasure Hunt Games on Social-Emotional Development of Early Childhood
type: item
description: Social-emotional development in early childhood needs to be stimulated through a learning process that can encourage active and enjoyable involvement for children. This study aims to analyze the effect of the Treasure Hunt Education game on the social-emotional development of early childhood, especially the competence in following rules and instructions, waiting for turns, and emotional control. This game is designed through a treasure hunt activity that involves cooperation, compliance with rules, and emotional control of children during the activity. This study applies a quantitative methodology of one group pretest-posttest design, involving 21 children in group B1 at the Kindergarten of Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto. Data collection uses observation, interviews, and documentation, followed by analysis through the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. The analysis indicates a significant increase in the socio-emotional aspects of early childhood. Therefore, the findings of this study show that the Educational Treasure Hunt game is able to support the development of social and emotional competencies of early childhood positively and has the potential as an alternative to play-based learning activity for Early Childhood Education units.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Educational Treasure Hunt Game
  topic: keywords
subject: Social-Emotional Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Early Childhood
  topic: keywords
creator: Shofi Najach
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Shofi Najach https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
starting page: 74
ending page: 83
doi: 10.29407/e.v13i1.27990

The Implementation of The seven Habits Of Great Indonesian Children In Early Childhood Education In The Era of Digital Disruption: A Quantitative Descriptive Study
type: item
description: The era of disruption is characterized by the rapid advancement of digital technology, changes in social interactions, and increased exposure to digital media among young children, presenting critical challenges to character development and social-emotional literacy in children’s growth. This phenomenon has made the decline in the consistency of positive habits—whether at home, school, or in the local community—a fundamental issue requiring a systematic response from early childhood education institutions. This study aims to determine the extent to which positive habits are implemented in the era of disruption at TK Pembina UMP and how parents respond to the implementation of the program. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach. The study sample consisted of 23 respondents, comprising parents of students, selected through total sampling due to the relatively limited population size. Data collection techniques included structured observation, documentation, and the completion of a questionnaire (Google Form). The questionnaire instrument was designed using a four-point Likert scale. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics by calculating percentages, means, medians, ranges, standard deviations, and coefficients of variation to describe the trends in responses regarding the application of the seven positive habits for young children in their daily lives. The research results indicate that 90% of respondents gave positive feedback regarding the implementation of the “7 Habits of Great Indonesian Children” for early childhood—whether at home, in the community, or at school. These findings suggest that consistent habit formation significantly contributes to strengthening children’s character and social-emotional literacy amid the various challenges of the era of disruption. Although this study is descriptive and does not employ inferential causality tests, the data indicate a positive correlation between the consistency of habit application an…
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: 7 Habits Of Great Indonesian Children
  topic: keywords
subject: Disruption Era
  topic: keywords
subject: Early Childhood
  topic: keywords
creator: Desi Endah Lestari
creator: Desti Pujiati
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Desi Endah Lestari, Desti Pujiati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
starting page: 17
ending page: 24
doi: 10.29407/e.v13i1.27986

The Meaning of Student Experience in Service Learning-Based Learning in the Playdate Course to Foster Social Entrepreneurship in Early Childhood Education
type: item
description: This study aims to understand the meaning of PIAUD students' experiences in service learning-based learning in the Playdate course to foster social entrepreneurship values. A phenomenological qualitative approach was used to explore the subjective experiences of 12 students who were purposively selected based on their level of involvement and reflective articulation skills. Data collection was conducted through interviews, observations, and document analysis. Thematic analysis identified four main themes: the transformation of understanding of social entrepreneurship from a profit orientation to a social impact orientation; the development of professional competencies through the improvement of communication and leadership skills; meaningful experiential learning through the integration of theory and practice; and the formation of a professional identity oriented towards community service. The Playdate Library Tour program, which reached 300 children from seven early childhood education institutions, provided students with authentic experiences in developing values of empathy, social responsibility, innovation, and sustainability. The Kolb experiential learning cycle has proven effective in transforming concrete experiences into deep learning through a structured reflection process. Research findings show that service learning can be an effective learning model for preparing early childhood education teachers who are not only academically qualified but also possess a spirit of social entrepreneurship for sustainable education. Further research recommendations include involving a more diverse range of participants, using a mixed methods approach for greater comprehensiveness, and conducting longitudinal studies to trace the long-term impact of service learning on PIAUD graduates.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Service learning, Social entrepreneurship, Early childhood education, Experiential learning, Professional competence.
  topic: keywords
creator: Errifa Susilo
creator: Dian Mustikawati
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Errifa Susilo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-09
publication date: 2025-12-09
starting page: 240
ending page: 250
doi: 10.29407/e.v12i2.27274

Technology-Based Operational Plan Optimization for Warehousing Startup:Secure Stash Case Study
type: item
description: Abstract This article examines technology-based operational planning strategies in the warehouse service industry through a case study of Secure Stash, a startup that provides storage services integrated with expedition partners, RFID technology, and a comprehensive digital system. This research aims to identify best practices in designing operational services, projecting revenue streams, and developing efficient and sustainable work systems. The study refers to operational literature by Edi Hamdi and Muhammad Dhafi Iskandar and employs a descriptive–analytical approach based on Secure Stash project documents. The results show that the application of Lean methods, process digitalization, and the implementation of standardized operational SOPs can significantly enhance efficiency and customer satisfaction.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: digital warehousing, lean operations, logistics startup, operational planning, RFID, Secure Stash
  topic: keywords
creator: Steven Stevu Denito
creator: Rhian Indradewa
creator: Edi Hamdi
creator: Muhammad Dhafi Iskandar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Steven Stevu Denito, Rhian Indradewa, Edi Hamdi, Muhammad Dhafi Iskandar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-22
publication date: 2025-12-22
starting page: 307
ending page: 314
doi: 10.29407/e.v12i2.27532

Financial Planning and Investment Feasibility Analysis of the Warehousing Startup Company Secure Stash
type: item
description: This study examines the financial planning and investment feasibility of Secure Stash, a technology-based startup operating in the warehousing service industry. Amid the rapid digital transformation and the expansion of e-commerce, modern warehousing supported by digital and Internet of Things (IoT) systems has become a critical component of efficient logistics and supply chain management. This research contributes by integrating a technology-driven business context with a comprehensive financial feasibility assessment, providing empirical insight into how digital warehousing startups can achieve sustainable financial performance. The study employs a descriptive quantitative approach using internal financial planning data of Secure Stash, including projected revenues, operating costs, capital structure, and investment requirements. Investment feasibility is evaluated using Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period (PP), and Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC). These methods allow for a systematic assessment of both profitability and capital efficiency under startup conditions. The results indicate that the Secure Stash project is financially viable, with a positive NPV, an IRR exceeding the WACC, and a payback period within a reasonable timeframe for logistics startups. This study highlights the importance of integrating digital technology considerations with sound financial planning to support informed investment decisions and long-term business sustainability in the warehousing service sector.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: financial planning, investment feasibility, warehousing services, startup business, IRR, NPV
  topic: keywords
creator: Helmy Hendra Kusuma
creator: Rhian Indradewa
creator: Edi Hamdi
creator: Muhammad Dhafi Iskandar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Helmy Hendra Kusuma, Rhian Indradewa, Edi Hamdi, Muhammad Dhafi Iskandar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-22
publication date: 2025-12-22
starting page: 315
ending page: 325
doi: 10.29407/e.v12i2.27504

The Dynamics of Student Social Relationships: Peer Connectivity and Its Implications for Academic Achievement
type: item
description: Peer relationships play a crucial role in shaping learning characteristics and academic achievement among university students. Social interactions established among students foster positive connectivity, which has the potential to influence academic performance. This study aims to analyze the relationship between peer connectivity measured through the frequency and quality of interactions, mutual trust and support, academic collaboration, and sense of belonging in learning activities and students’ academic achievement. This research employed a quantitative approach using a correlational survey design. The research data were collected through an electronic questionnaire administered to 46 respondents, consisting of students from the Nonformal Education Study Program, Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Malang, who were selected using a non-probability sampling technique. The data were analyzed using inferential statistical methods with Jeffreys’s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP) version 95.4. The results indicate that overall peer connectivity has a positive relationship of 74.1% with students’ academic achievement. Specifically, the frequency of interaction contributes 31.7%, mutual trust accounts for 8.3%, group learning contributes 60.2%, and peer sense of belonging contributes 47.6%. These findings demonstrate that peer connectivity has a significant and sufficiently strong association with the improvement of students’ academic achievement. This indicates that positive social relationships among students can effectively support and enhance their academic performance.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: connectivity, peer relationships, academic achievement
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmad Ahmad
creator: Dani Irawan
creator: Rizqi Fajar Pradipta
creator: Ratih Permata Sari
creator: Nur Alamsyah Surya Negara
creator: Mathori Abdullah Al Ghifari
creator: Mochammad Syifauddin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Ahmad, Dani Irawan, Rizqi Fajar Pradipta, Ratih Permata Sari , Nur Alamsyah Surya Negara , Mathori Abdullah Al Ghifari, Mochammad Syifauddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-22
publication date: 2025-12-22
starting page: 296
ending page: 306
doi: 10.29407/e.v12i2.27442

The Role of Gen Z in Utilizing Social Media to Enhance MSME Competitiveness Toward Indonesia Emas 2045
type: item
description: Indonesia is striving to achieve the vision of Indonesia Emas 2045 by strengthening national economic competitiveness, one of which is through empowering Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) as the backbone of the national economy in the digital era. Generation Z, as digital natives, possesses significant potential to support the digital transformation of MSMEs through the utilization of social media; however, this contribution has not yet been optimally harnessed and continues to face various limitations in practical implementation. This study aims to analyze the role of Generation Z in enhancing MSME competitiveness through social media–based digital communication strategies, while addressing the research gap related to the suboptimal contribution of Generation Z in accelerating sustainable digital transformation among MSMEs. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a literature review approach, drawing on various relevant studies and reports. Data analysis was conducted through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and inductive conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that Generation Z acts as a catalyst in social media management through content creativity, digital storytelling, and the utilization of social commerce, which contribute to expanding market reach and strengthening MSME brand image. Nevertheless, challenges remain, including low levels of productive digital literacy, limitations in human resources, and digital infrastructure disparities that hinder the optimization of this role. Therefore, collaborative strategies are required through the enhancement of digital literacy, the strengthening of community partnerships, and inclusive and adaptive public policy support. In conclusion, Generation Z plays a strategic and crucial role as a key accelerator in the digital transformation of MSMEs, contributing to the development of a competitive and sustainable digital economy toward the realization of Indonesia Emas 2045.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: : competitiveness, digital transformation, generation Z, MSMEs, social media
  topic: keywords
creator: Joko Nugroho
creator: Antoni Ludfi Arifin
creator: Atha Adiwidya Ludfi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Joko Nugroho, Angelika Rosma, Antoni Ludfi Arifin, Atha Adiwidya Ludfi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-17
publication date: 2025-12-17
starting page: 283
ending page: 295
doi: 10.29407/e.v12i2.27416

The Effect of Lapbook Media on the Ability to Recognize Letters in Children Aged 4-5
type: item
description: This study is motivated by the low ability of children in recognizing letters, as well as the lack of utilization of learning media used to support the process. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of using lapbook media on the ability to recognize letters in children aged 4-5 years at Kamboja Kindergarten, Central City District, Gorontalo City. This study applied saturated sampling technique which involved all group A as many as 19 people. The approach used was quantitative research and experimental method with one group pretest-posttest design. Data collection was done through performance tests. The results of hypothesis testing that the significance value of 0.000 < α = 0.05 and the value of t count = 15.650 and t table = 1.729 then H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. It can be concluded that there is an effect of lapbook media on the ability to recognize letters in children 4-5 years at Kamboja Kindergarten
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: ability to recognize letters, children 4-5 years old, Lapbook media
  topic: keywords
creator: Regita Cahyani Maulida Sumah
creator: Pupung Puspa Ardini
creator: Icam Sutisna
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Regita Cahyani Maulida Sumah, Pupung Puspa Ardini, Icam Sutisna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 273
ending page: 282
doi: 10.29407/e.v12i2.27286

The Influence of the Education Game Avatar World on the Creativity of Children Aged 5-6 Years
type: item
description: This study aims to improve the creativity of 5-6 year old children by using the Avatar World Educational Game at Kamboja Kindergarten, Kota Tengah District, Gorontalo City. This study is a quantitative study using a pre-test and post-test experimental method conducted after the treatment was given and before the treatment was given. The sample consisted of 20 children aged 5-6 years in group B at Kamboja Kindergarten, Kota Tengah District, Gorontalo City. The results of the study show that the data obtained in the pretest was 22.55 out of a total score of 451. Meanwhile, after the treatment using the Avatar World Game was given to students at Kamboja Kindergarten using a sample of 20 students, the data obtained was 35.25 out of a total score of 705. The data shows that there is a difference or progress in the level of understanding of children at Kamboja Kindergarten, and there is a difference in the effect of the Avatar World Game based on the t-test, which shows a probability value of 0.000, meaning that 0.000 < 0.05, which means that there is an effect on the level of understanding of children using the Avatar World game.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Creativity Recognition Ability, Avatar World Game
  topic: keywords
creator: Adinda Suryani
creator: Pupung Puspa Ardini
creator: Yenti Juniarti
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Adinda Suryani, Pupung Puspa Ardini, Yenti Juniarti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 264
ending page: 272
doi: 10.29407/e.v12i2.27249

Development of E-LKPD Matrix Material Based on Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) for High School Students
type: item
description: This study aims to design a Digital Student Worksheet based on Realistic Mathematics Education for matrix material for students at the senior high school level. The approach used is Research and Development with the ADDIE model, which includes the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Participants in this study consisted of 35 students of grade XI H at SMAN 5 Yogyakarta, while the validation process was carried out by a mathematics teacher and two lecturers who have expertise in the field. The tools used in this study include validation sheets from material experts, media experts, and questionnaires to measure student responses. The data obtained were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative approaches by calculating the percentage of evaluation results from experts and student responses. The results of this study revealed that the assessment from material experts reached 92%, media experts 94%, and student responses reached 82%, all of which were classified as very good. These findings indicate that the developed product is valid, practical, and worthy of being used as an alternative learning medium to improve students' mathematical literacy skills, especially regarding the topic of matrices for grade XI students.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: E-LKPD, Matrix, Realistic Mathematics Education (RME)
  topic: keywords
creator: Alfina Fitri Damayanti
creator: Sumargiyani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Alfina Fitri Damayanti, Sumargiyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-09
publication date: 2025-12-09
starting page: 251
ending page: 263
doi: 10.29407/e.v12i2.27254

Uncovering the Hidden Relationship Between Crypto Prices and Mining Stocks: Evidence from ANTM and TINS
type: item
description: The high volatility of the crypto market has raised questions about its potential impact on other financial instruments, including shares of mining sector issuers. This study aims to reveal the relationship between the price of crypto assets, especially Bitcoin, and the stock price movements of two major mining issuers in Indonesia, namely Antam (ANTM) and Tin (TINS). The analysis was carried out with a quantitative approach with a simple linear regression analysis method, to test the influence of the price of bitcoin on each stock. The results of the analysis show the direction of a positive and significant relationship between the price of Bitcoin and ANTM shares with a regression coefficient of 0.008776. This value indicates that any increase in the price of Bitcoin is potentially followed by an increase in the price of ANTM's shares, with a contribution of variation of 45% (R² = 0.45). Meanwhile, the influence on TINS shares was also positive but weaker, with a regression coefficient of 0.004999 and a contribution of variation of 28% (R² = 0.28). These findings indicate that the crypto market could be one of the external factors influencing the dynamics of real sector stocks, especially those related to metal commodities. The conclusion of this study confirms the importance of including crypto variables in the risk analysis and investment strategies of mining sector stocks due to the adoption of blockchain technology that requires such commodities.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: crypto
  topic: keywords
subject: bitcoin
  topic: keywords
subject: stock
  topic: keywords
creator: Diky Paramitha
creator: Etik Ipda Riyani
creator: Kan Wen Huey
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Diky Paramitha, Etik Ipda Riyani, Kan Wen Huey https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-08
publication date: 2025-12-08
starting page: 212
ending page: 221
doi: 10.29407/e.v12i2.27205

The Moderation Effect of External Auditor on the Relationship between Bank Characteristics and Credit Risk
type: item
description: This research provides quantitative research using secondary data related to the moderating influence between the role of bank size and age on credit risk. Data from banking company financial reports for 2022-2024 were analyzed using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The study found a significant negative effect on the relationship between bank size and credit risk, and a moderating effect of external auditors on the relationship between bank age and credit risk. Furthermore, no significant relationship was found between company age and credit risk, and external auditors failed to moderate the relationship between bank size and credit risk. This research opens up opportunities to examine more deeply the influence of macroeconomic factors.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: bank size, bank age, credit risk
  topic: keywords
creator: Dian Rubihani
creator: Vincentia Anindha Primacintya
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 DIAN RUBIHANI, Vincentia Anindha Primacintya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-08
publication date: 2025-12-08
starting page: 181
ending page: 190
doi: 10.29407/e.v12i2.27027

Descriptive Study of Students' Mathematical Representation of Area Material Using Integral Approach
type: item
description: This study aims to describe the mathematical representation ability of Mathematics Education students at Universitas Ahmad Dahlan in solving problems related to the area of plane regions using an integral approach. This research employs a descriptive quantitative method with 23 students as subjects. The data were collected from the documentation of the Final Semester Examination (UAS) in the Integral Calculus course, which included questions on the area of plane regions. Data analysis was conducted using a mathematical representation scoring rubric. The results showed that the students’ mathematical representation abilities varied, with 39.13% categorized as high, 26.09% as medium, and 34.78% as low. The average score was 59.78, with a standard deviation of 37.73, a maximum score of 100, and a minimum score of 10. These findings indicate that the students’ mathematical representation ability is still relatively low and uneven across the three aspects of representation. The most common errors included visual errors in drawing area graphs, verbal errors in explaining mathematical procedures, and symbolic errors in algebraic manipulation and the use of mathematical symbols.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: calculus, mathematical, representation
  topic: keywords
creator: Sumargiyani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sumargiyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-08
publication date: 2025-12-08
starting page: 168
ending page: 180
doi: 10.29407/e.v12i2.27002

The Influence of the Partnership Between Village Unit Cooperatives and Dairy Cattle Farmers on the Welfare of Partnership Members in Nglurup Village, Sendang Subdistrict, Tulungagung Regency
type: item
description: Starting from the urgency of the role of Village Unit Cooperatives (KUD) in improving the quality of life in rural communities, this study aims to examine the implementation of partnership patterns, the supporting and inhibiting factors, as well as their impact on members’ welfare. The research focuses on the partnership between KUD and dairy farmers in Nglurup Village, Sendang District, Tulungagung Regency. A quantitative approach was employed through a survey of 211 partnership members. Data were collected using a closed-ended Likert-scale questionnaire and structured observations with specific guidelines. The validity and reliability of the instruments were tested using Pearson correlation analysis and Cronbach’s Alpha. Data analysis was conducted using simple linear regression to determine the effect of the partnership variable (X) on welfare (Y). The results indicate that the partnership between KUD and dairy farmers has a significant impact on members’ welfare. The coefficient of determination shows that the partnership contributes positively in explaining variations in welfare levels. In conclusion, strengthening the partnership model between KUD and dairy farmers needs to be continuously enhanced as a strategy to support rural economic development based on local wisdom. These findings are expected to serve as a reference for formulating economic empowerment policies in rural areas.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Partnership, Village Unit Cooperative (KUD), Dairy Farmers, Welfare, Community Empowerment.
  topic: keywords
creator: Toifur Ahmad Balya
creator: Nur Lailiyah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Toifur Ahmad Balya, Nur Lailiyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-09
publication date: 2025-12-09
starting page: 231
ending page: 239
doi: 10.29407/e.v12i2.26972

The Great Parents School Program Strategy in Fostering Positive Parenting and Cultural-Civic Literacy in Early Childhood
type: item
description: This study aims to examine the implementation strategy of the Great Parents Program in fostering positive parenting patterns and its contribution to the cultural literacy of early childhood at the Kasih Bunda Playgroup, Sambirejo Village, Madiun Regency. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study design, involving eight program participants, facilitators, institution managers, and students as research subjects. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation, then analyzed using the interactive model by Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, which includes data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research findings indicate that the program equips parents with effective communication skills, consistent discipline practices, and appreciation for children, which encourages a shift toward more democratic and supportive parenting styles. The program also proved to instill cultural and civic values through the introduction of national symbols, folk tales, traditional games, and the practice of mutual cooperation, which were internalized in family activities. The research findings confirm that parenting programs can serve as a strategic tool in integrating positive parenting with cultural and civic literacy, while also strengthening the character and identity of young children.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Great Parent School, Positive Parenting, Cultural-Civic Literacy, Early Childhood Education
  topic: keywords
creator: Atik Yuliana
creator: Ahmad Samawi
creator: Sri Wahyuni
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Atik Yuliana, Ahmad Samawi, Sri Wahyuni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-08
publication date: 2025-12-08
starting page: 222
ending page: 230
doi: 10.29407/e.v12i2.26961

The Role of Teachers in Addressing Early Childhood Bullying through Reading and Writing Literacy
type: item
description: This study aims to examine teachers' strategies in addressing bullying behavior in early childhood through reading and writing literacy activities. Using a qualitative approach with a multi-site case study design, the study was conducted at Ngadirejo 01 Kindergarten and Ngadirejo 02 Kindergarten in Wonoasri, Madiun. Data were collected through participatory observation, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, presentation, and verification. The results show that reading and writing literacy activities that integrate social values such as empathy and mutual assistance can increase children's social awareness and reduce bullying behavior. At Ngadirejo 01 Kindergarten, 58% of children showed a high interest in literacy and a 41% decrease in verbal aggression, while at Ngadirejo 02 Kindergarten, the figures were 73% and 45%. The challenges faced by teachers include limited reading materials and the need to improve character literacy competencies. Teachers play an important role as facilitators and positive social models. Literacy has proven to be an effective strategy in character education to prevent bullying and foster prosocial behavior in early childhood.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: character education, early childhood bullying, reading and writing literacy, teacher role
  topic: keywords
creator: Emy Puji Rahayu
creator: Pramono Pramono
creator: Alif Mudiono
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Emy Puji Rahayu, Pramono Pramono, Alif Mudiono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-08
publication date: 2025-12-08
starting page: 201
ending page: 211
doi: 10.29407/e.v12i2.25537

The Impact of Learning in the Digital Age on the Achievement of Independence in Children at RA Al-Hidayah Bulango Timur
type: item
description: This research aims to obtain data and information regarding the impact of learning in the digital era on the achievement of children's independence at RA Al-Hidayah Bulango Timur. This research adopts a qualitative descriptive method, with 13 children aged 4-5 years as the subjects. The data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings of this research indicate that learning in the digital era at RA Al-Hidayah Bulango Timur positively impacts early childhood independence in various aspects. Among the 13 children who participated in this research, 5 children showed very good development, while 8 children developed as expected. These children can learn independently through digital materials provided by teachers using digital devices and applications such as Canva, educational videos, and other audiovisual media. They also demonstrate confidence in completing tasks without always relying on teachers. Using technology in puzzle-solving activities through smartphones enhances children's thinking skills and teamwork. Additionally, their confidence is evident in their willingness to present assignments in front of the class after watching educational videos. Learning through digital devices attracts children's interest and helps them easily understand materials. However, learning in the digital era requires appropriate guidance and supervision from teachers and parents to ensure that children use technology wisely, making it an effective tool for fostering independence and social skills in early childhood.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Children aged 4-5 years, independence, digital era
  topic: keywords
creator: Pupung Puspa Ardini
creator: Nurhayati Tine
creator: Aprilia Kartini Mangantjo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Pupung Puspa Ardini, Nurhayati Tine, Aprilia Kartini Mangantjo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-08
publication date: 2025-12-08
starting page: 191
ending page: 200
doi: 10.29407/e.v12i2.25429