Efektor is a journal that contains the results of research or comprehensive literature review in the fields of Economics and Education. Efektor is a Journal published online two times a year in May and November. ISSN Print : 0854-1922 ISSN Online : 2355-956X
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Implementation of the Interactive Alphabet Fishing Game to Improve Letter Recognition Skills at TKM NU 14 Al Mustaqim Sitirejo Wagir
This study was motivated by the low level of basic literacy skills, particularly letter recognition, among Group A children at TKM NU 14 Al Mustaqim Sitirejo Wagir. A total of 73% of the children were still categorized as Not Yet Developed (BB) and Beginning to Develop (MB) in distinguishing letter shapes and associating sounds with alphabet symbols. This study aimed to improve these skills through the use of the Alphabet Fishing Interactive game media. The method employed was a collaborative Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted in two cycles involving 10 children as participants. Data were collected through observation and documentation and analyzed based on children's developmental categories (BB, MB, BSH, BSB). The results showed a consistent improvement in letter recognition skills, increasing from 37.5% in the pre-cycle to 66.25% at the end of Cycle I and reaching 85% in Cycle II with the category Very Well Developed (BSB). These findings indicate that the Alphabet Fishing Interactive game is effective in improving children's letter recognition skills by providing concrete, multisensory, and play-based learning experiences
Copyright (c) 2026 Risa Kurniawati, Mochammad Ramli Akbar, Ayu Asmah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Implementation of Field Trips to Enhance Expressive Language Development at TKM NU 4 Miftahul Huda Mendalanwangi Wagir Malang
Language is essential for the cognitive development throughout early life. This linguistic proficiency encompasses receptive language comprehension, expressive language abilities, and foundational literacy. Preliminary assessments at TKM NU 4 Miftahul Huda Mendalanwangi Wagir indicated that children's expressive language proficiency remained inadequate, with an average percentage of 33.6%. This study sought to clarify the use of the field trip method in improving expressive language skills in early infancy at TKM NU 4 Miftahul Huda Mendalanwangi Wagir. The used approach was Classroom Action Research (CAR), conducted in cycles including the stages of preparation, action, observation, and reflection. The research included 13 students from Group A. Data were collected using observation sheets that included indicators of conversational expression and reaction skills, as well as the aptitude to communicate fundamental queries and opinions. The data analysis employs a quantitative descriptive technique. The results demonstrated a gradual improvement in expressive language skills. In the pre-action period, the percentage was 33.6%, which increased to 64.4% in Cycle I, and further ascended to 89.4% in Cycle II. In conclusion, experiential learning via the field trip method significantly improves the expressive language skills of young children at TKM NU 4 Miftahul Huda Mendalanwangi Wagir. Furthermore, further research is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of this technique on a broader scale and to develop alternative outdoor learning methods.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lailatun Nafi'ah, Ayu Asmah, Mochammad Ramli Akbar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Letter Bowling Game To Improve Pre Reading Ability At TK Muslimat NU 10 Ngebruk Sumberpucung Malang
Pre-reading ability is an important foundation in the development of early childhood literacy that needs to be stimulated through enjoyable learning activities suited to children’s developmental characteristics. This study aims to improve the pre-reading abilities of children aged 5–6 years through a letter bowling game at TK Muslimat NU 10 Ngebruk, Sumberpucung, Malang. The research method employed was Classroom Action Research (CAR) using the Kemmis and McTaggart model, conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The research subjects were 15 children in Group B, consisting of 9 boys and 6 girls. Data were collected through observation and documentation techniques, using an observation sheet as the research instrument to assess pre-reading abilities, which included the ability to mention letter symbols, recognize letter sounds and shapes, distinguish similar letter forms, and pronounce letters correctly. The results showed an improvement in children’s pre-reading abilities after the implementation of the letter bowling game. The percentage of pre-reading ability at the pre-action stage was 35%, increasing to 45% in Cycle I, and rising significantly to 78% in Cycle II. These results indicate that the letter bowling game is effective in improving the pre-reading abilities of children aged 5–6 years, as it creates an active, enjoyable, and meaningful learning atmosphere. Therefore, the letter bowling game can be used as an alternative learning medium to stimulate pre-reading abilities in early childhood.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ike Putri Aisyah, Ayu Asmah, Henni Anggraini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Influence of Storytelling Assisted by Flipchart Media on Number Concept Understanding in Children Aged 4-5 Years
The problem in this study is that the number concept understanding of children aged 4–5 years has not developed optimally. This study aims to determine the effect of storytelling assisted by flipchart media on the number concept understanding of children aged 4–5 years. This research employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group design. The population of this study consisted of 40 children aged 4–5 years from TK The Green and TK Islam Alifah. The sample was selected using a saturated sampling technique, in which the entire population of 40 children was included. The treatment, in the form of storytelling activities assisted by flipchart media, was conducted over five learning sessions. Data were collected using an observation checklist with a rating scale, developed based on indicators of number concept understanding in children aged 4–5 years, including the ability to count from 1 to 10, sequence numbers, match quantities with number symbols, and distinguish concepts such as more–less, greater–smaller, and equal. The results of the study indicate that storytelling assisted by flipchart media has a significant effect on children’s number concept understanding, as evidenced by the Mann-Whitney test result with p = 0.000 (p < 0.05). The N-Gain test results show that the control class obtained a score of 0.211 (low category), while the experimental class obtained a score of 0.636 (moderate category). These findings demonstrate that storytelling assisted by flipchart media has a positive effect on improving the number concept understanding of children aged 4–5 years.
Copyright (c) 2026 Juliana Angelica Nauli Rambe, Asih Budi Kurniawati, Annisa Yulistia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Reconstruction Of The Early Childhood Education Curriculum Framework Based On Computational Thinking
Computational thinking is a global competency that is important to develop from an early age because it plays a role in building reasoning, problem-solving, and decision-making skills in a systematic manner. This competency is understood as a way of thinking that includes the ability to decompose, recognize patterns, abstract, and algorithmize. This study aims to examine the development of an Early Childhood Education (PAUD) curriculum that integrates computational thinking competencies in line with children's developmental characteristics. The research method used is a narrative literature study with thematic analysis of journal articles, books, and research reports relevant to computational thinking and early childhood education. There were 12 literature reviews analyzed, focusing on the concept of computational thinking, the learning approaches used, and their implications for PAUD curriculum development. The results of the study show that the development of a computational thinking curriculum in PAUD needs to emphasize learning experiences that are concrete, collaborative, and meaningful, as well as placing computational thinking as a way of thinking that is integrated into meaningful play activities. Computational thinking as a pedagogy is a way for teachers to design children's learning experiences so that children become accustomed to structured, logical, reflective, and problem-oriented thinking through play activities. This finding emphasizes the importance of developing an early childhood education curriculum that is responsive to children's global competency needs from an early age.
Copyright (c) 2026 Irma Yuliantina, Siti Roimah, Theresia Pipiet Dwi Hindarti, Dewi Murti Yuliati, Cindy Maurellia, Sri Lestari, Bahtiar, Siti Khuwaida Zilaniah Al Mumtazah, Wyanita Setya Husnaeni, Anisya Fitriasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Development of Early Childhood Education Curriculum in Indonesia: A Literature Review and Policy Analysis Across Historical Periods
The curriculum plays a strategic role in ensuring the quality of Early Childhood Education (ECE) services. This study aims to analyze the development of the ECE curriculum in Indonesia across different historical periods based on official government policy documents and curriculum guidelines, to identify the key characteristics of curriculum policies in each period, and to examine the direction of curriculum change from a pedagogical perspective. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using policy-oriented library research. Data sources consist of official curriculum documents and government regulations covering the period from pre-independence to ECE curriculum policies in effect up to 2025. Data analysis was conducted through content analysis using a historical–policy approach and thematic interpretation grounded in early childhood developmental paradigms. The findings indicate that the deelopment of the ECE curriculum in Indonesia is contextual, adapting to prevailing cultural conditions and political policies of each era. Despite changes in nomenclature and structure, ECE curricula over time share fundamental characteristics, including a holistic orientation to child development, an emphasis on values and character education, recognition of play-based learning as a core pedagogical approach, and the strategic role of educators in curriculum implementation. These findings affirm that changes in ECE curriculum policy are primarily contextual while consistently adhering to child-centered learning principles.
Copyright (c) 2026 Irma Yuliantina, Mansyur Ridho, Marijah Marijah, Iik Zakiah Darajat, Dwi Adji Dilliani, Faridatul Ula, Indri Ristiani, Mega Endang Sari , Nunuk Eny https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation of the Cheerful Tray Congklak Game (Traycer) to Improve Numeracy Concept Skills at the Nice Kids Malang Kindergarten
Counting is an important skill for early childhood cognitive development. This counting skill includes understanding the number of objects, the ability to identify and sequence numbers correctly. The results of initial observations conducted at the Nice Kids Malang Kindergarten showed that children's number concept abilities were still low at 35%. This study aimed to investigate the application of the Congklak Traycer game in improving number concept abilities at the Nice Kids Malang Kindergarten Kindergarten. The method used in this study was a classroom action that was carried out in cycles, through the stages of planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study consisted of 10 children aged 4-5 years. Data collection in this study utilized an observation sheet that included indicators of number concepts, number symbols, one-to-one correspondence, and cardinality. Data analysis utilized a quantitative descriptive approach. The study findings showed a gradual increase in number concept abilities. In the pre-action stage, 35% increased to 45% in cycle I, and increased significantly to 82.48% in cycle II. Based on the classical success criteria in cycle II, exceeding the completion indicator of >75%, 8 out of 10 children were able to master the concepts of counting, number symbols, one-to-one correspondence, and cardinality very well. It can be concluded that game-based learning with concrete media through cheerful congklak trays (traycers) has been proven to help improve the conceptual ability of counting in early childhood at KB Nice Kids Malang. In addition, further research is needed to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method on a larger sample, as well as to develop innovative and fun teaching materials.
Copyright (c) 2026 Isnaini Mukarromah, Ayu Asmah, Mochammad Ramli Akbar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Development and Effectiveness Testing of a Scratch-Based Interactive E-Module Using the ADDIE Model on Whole Number Addition and Subtraction for Second Grade Elementary Students
Mathematics instruction at the elementary level often encounters difficulties, particularly in teaching addition and subtraction of whole numbers. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a Scratch-based interactive e-module using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) for second-grade elementary students. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach involving 14 students. Data were collected through expert validation sheets, student response questionnaires, and pretest–posttest assessments. Quantitative descriptive Analysis was used to determine validity and practicality, while effectiveness was analyzed using the N-Gain test and paired sample t-test with SPSS. The feasibility criteria were defined as a validation percentage ≥ 81% (very feasible), and effectiveness was determined if the N-Gain reached at least the moderate category (≥ 30%) and the t-test significance value was p < 0.05. The results showed that expert validation scores reached 94.00% and 92.86%, categorized as very feasible. Student responses obtained an average of 85.89% (very practical). Students’ mean scores improved from 50.00 (pretest) to 82.14 (posttest), with an N-Gain of 64.24% (moderate category). The paired t-test indicated a statistically significant difference (p = 0.000 < 0.05). These findings confirm that the Scratch-based interactive e-module is effective in improving students’ learning outcomes. This study contributes scientifically by providing a systematically developed Scratch-integrated mathematics e-module and empirical evidence of its effectiveness in elementary education contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Risda Rosyidah Ayuni, Sri Rahayu , Dyah Triwahyuningtyas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Development of an Early Childhood Education Curriculum Based on Local Culture in the Context of Global Competence: A Literature Review
The development of the Early Childhood Education (PAUD) curriculum needs to be done contextually by taking into account the characteristics of the educational unit, including the local culture that exists in the children's environment. This is in line with the theoretical and pedagogical view that young children learn optimally through concrete experiences that are close to their daily lives. Local culture provides an authentic context for play, exploration, and inquiry activities that enable children to learn holistically by integrating cognitive, social-emotional, linguistic, moral, and motor aspects. Furthermore, in the framework of 21st-century education, strengthening global competencies does not mean neglecting the local context, but rather starting from an understanding and appreciation of one's own culture as a foundation for interacting at a broader level. This study aims to analyze, formulate a conceptual model, or identify principles for developing a local culture-based curriculum in early childhood education through a review of theoretical foundations, previous research findings, and Indonesian government policies that emphasize the analysis of educational unit characteristics. The method used is a narrative literature study with thematic analysis of relevant journal articles, books, and policy documents. The results of the study show that the local culture-based ECE curriculum is in line with the principles of meaningful and child-centered learning and strengthens the character of young children.
Copyright (c) 2026 Irma Yuliantina, Yoshepine Wijayanti, Resi Lovita, Rina Damayanti, Yunita, Sekar Pinilih, Dian Nur Rachmawati, Annisa Fadhilah, Kurnia Rahayu, I Made Suardana Putra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Utilization of Social Media in Building Brand Awareness Case Study: Kampung Mandiri Sidoharjo
Sidoharjo, particularly for the local product Yo Tumbas. The research employed a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation involving program managers, business actors, and consumers. The findings indicate that social media, especially Instagram and WhatsApp, plays an important role in increasing brand recognition through visual content, production processes, and community empowerment activities. However, the level of brand recall remains low due to inconsistent content management, weak visual identity, and unclear brand messaging. The main challenges include limited human resources, low digital literacy, and the absence of a structured digital marketing strategy. This study concludes that social media has strong potential as a strategic tool to build community-based brand awareness if managed systematically, sustainably, and supported by capacity building for program managers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anzalna Nurrahma, Estri Mujiati, Rifki Nurdiansyah, Ricky Saikhu Bima Ristanin, Ema Nurzainul Hakimah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Digital Marketing Strategy Based on Market Penetration and Focused Differentiation in a Warehousing Services Startup: A Case Study of Secure Stash
This study aims to analyze the marketing strategies implemented by Secure Stash, a startup in the warehousing services sector. In facing an increasingly competitive and dynamic market, the company adopts a combined approach of market penetration and focused differentiation strategies. Market penetration is carried out through the utilization of digital marketing tools such as social media, websites, and partnerships with MSMEs to expand consumer reach. Meanwhile, differentiation is achieved by providing technology-based warehousing services, including the use of IoT, data security, and premium customer service. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study method. Data were obtained from the company’s internal documents and supported by recent scholarly literature. The analytical tools used include SWOT, IE Matrix, and QSPM to determine the most relevant and effective core strategies. The findings indicate that market penetration is more suitable during the company’s early growth phase, while differentiation focus serves as the main source of long-term competitive advantage. These results reinforce the view that well-structured, technology-driven digital marketing strategies can enhance customer acquisition, strengthen brand positioning, and build customer loyalty in the logistics and warehousing services sector. Secure Stash demonstrates that startups can compete in traditional industries through service innovation and the appropriate use of digital strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Windy Aristin, Rhian Indradewa, Hamdi Hamdi, Muhammad Dhafi Iskandar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Educational Treasure Hunt Games on Social-Emotional Development of Early Childhood
Social-emotional development in early childhood needs to be stimulated through a learning process that can encourage active and enjoyable involvement for children. This study aims to analyze the effect of the Treasure Hunt Education game on the social-emotional development of early childhood, especially the competence in following rules and instructions, waiting for turns, and emotional control. This game is designed through a treasure hunt activity that involves cooperation, compliance with rules, and emotional control of children during the activity. This study applies a quantitative methodology of one group pretest-posttest design, involving 21 children in group B1 at the Kindergarten of Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto. Data collection uses observation, interviews, and documentation, followed by analysis through the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. The analysis indicates a significant increase in the socio-emotional aspects of early childhood. Therefore, the findings of this study show that the Educational Treasure Hunt game is able to support the development of social and emotional competencies of early childhood positively and has the potential as an alternative to play-based learning activity for Early Childhood Education units.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shofi Najach https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Implementation of The seven Habits Of Great Indonesian Children In Early Childhood Education In The Era of Digital Disruption: A Quantitative Descriptive Study
The era of disruption is characterized by the rapid advancement of digital technology, changes in social interactions, and increased exposure to digital media among young children, presenting critical challenges to character development and social-emotional literacy in children’s growth. This phenomenon has made the decline in the consistency of positive habits—whether at home, school, or in the local community—a fundamental issue requiring a systematic response from early childhood education institutions. This study aims to determine the extent to which positive habits are implemented in the era of disruption at TK Pembina UMP and how parents respond to the implementation of the program. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach. The study sample consisted of 23 respondents, comprising parents of students, selected through total sampling due to the relatively limited population size. Data collection techniques included structured observation, documentation, and the completion of a questionnaire (Google Form). The questionnaire instrument was designed using a four-point Likert scale. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics by calculating percentages, means, medians, ranges, standard deviations, and coefficients of variation to describe the trends in responses regarding the application of the seven positive habits for young children in their daily lives. The research results indicate that 90% of respondents gave positive feedback regarding the implementation of the “7 Habits of Great Indonesian Children” for early childhood—whether at home, in the community, or at school. These findings suggest that consistent habit formation significantly contributes to strengthening children’s character and social-emotional literacy amid the various challenges of the era of disruption. Although this study is descriptive and does not employ inferential causality tests, the data indicate a positive correlation between the consistency of habit application and children’s character development. Thus, the routine habit-forming program at UMP Pembina Kindergarten is relevant to maintain and develop as a preventive and adaptive strategy in addressing the dynamics of the era of disruption.
Copyright (c) 2026 Desi Endah Lestari, Desti Pujiati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Meaning of Student Experience in Service Learning-Based Learning in the Playdate Course to Foster Social Entrepreneurship in Early Childhood Education
This study aims to understand the meaning of PIAUD students' experiences in service learning-based learning in the Playdate course to foster social entrepreneurship values. A phenomenological qualitative approach was used to explore the subjective experiences of 12 students who were purposively selected based on their level of involvement and reflective articulation skills. Data collection was conducted through interviews, observations, and document analysis. Thematic analysis identified four main themes: the transformation of understanding of social entrepreneurship from a profit orientation to a social impact orientation; the development of professional competencies through the improvement of communication and leadership skills; meaningful experiential learning through the integration of theory and practice; and the formation of a professional identity oriented towards community service. The Playdate Library Tour program, which reached 300 children from seven early childhood education institutions, provided students with authentic experiences in developing values of empathy, social responsibility, innovation, and sustainability. The Kolb experiential learning cycle has proven effective in transforming concrete experiences into deep learning through a structured reflection process. Research findings show that service learning can be an effective learning model for preparing early childhood education teachers who are not only academically qualified but also possess a spirit of social entrepreneurship for sustainable education. Further research recommendations include involving a more diverse range of participants, using a mixed methods approach for greater comprehensiveness, and conducting longitudinal studies to trace the long-term impact of service learning on PIAUD graduates.
Service learning, Social entrepreneurship, Early childhood education, Experiential learning, Professional competence.
Copyright (c) 2025 Errifa Susilo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Technology-Based Operational Plan Optimization for Warehousing Startup:Secure Stash Case Study
Abstract This article examines technology-based operational planning strategies in the warehouse service industry through a case study of Secure Stash, a startup that provides storage services integrated with expedition partners, RFID technology, and a comprehensive digital system. This research aims to identify best practices in designing operational services, projecting revenue streams, and developing efficient and sustainable work systems. The study refers to operational literature by Edi Hamdi and Muhammad Dhafi Iskandar and employs a descriptive–analytical approach based on Secure Stash project documents. The results show that the application of Lean methods, process digitalization, and the implementation of standardized operational SOPs can significantly enhance efficiency and customer satisfaction.
digital warehousing, lean operations, logistics startup, operational planning, RFID, Secure Stash
Copyright (c) 2025 Steven Stevu Denito, Rhian Indradewa, Edi Hamdi, Muhammad Dhafi Iskandar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Financial Planning and Investment Feasibility Analysis of the Warehousing Startup Company Secure Stash
This study examines the financial planning and investment feasibility of Secure Stash, a technology-based startup operating in the warehousing service industry. Amid the rapid digital transformation and the expansion of e-commerce, modern warehousing supported by digital and Internet of Things (IoT) systems has become a critical component of efficient logistics and supply chain management. This research contributes by integrating a technology-driven business context with a comprehensive financial feasibility assessment, providing empirical insight into how digital warehousing startups can achieve sustainable financial performance. The study employs a descriptive quantitative approach using internal financial planning data of Secure Stash, including projected revenues, operating costs, capital structure, and investment requirements. Investment feasibility is evaluated using Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period (PP), and Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC). These methods allow for a systematic assessment of both profitability and capital efficiency under startup conditions. The results indicate that the Secure Stash project is financially viable, with a positive NPV, an IRR exceeding the WACC, and a payback period within a reasonable timeframe for logistics startups. This study highlights the importance of integrating digital technology considerations with sound financial planning to support informed investment decisions and long-term business sustainability in the warehousing service sector.
financial planning, investment feasibility, warehousing services, startup business, IRR, NPV
Copyright (c) 2025 Helmy Hendra Kusuma, Rhian Indradewa, Edi Hamdi, Muhammad Dhafi Iskandar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Dynamics of Student Social Relationships: Peer Connectivity and Its Implications for Academic Achievement
Peer relationships play a crucial role in shaping learning characteristics and academic achievement among university students. Social interactions established among students foster positive connectivity, which has the potential to influence academic performance. This study aims to analyze the relationship between peer connectivity measured through the frequency and quality of interactions, mutual trust and support, academic collaboration, and sense of belonging in learning activities and students’ academic achievement. This research employed a quantitative approach using a correlational survey design. The research data were collected through an electronic questionnaire administered to 46 respondents, consisting of students from the Nonformal Education Study Program, Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Malang, who were selected using a non-probability sampling technique. The data were analyzed using inferential statistical methods with Jeffreys’s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP) version 95.4. The results indicate that overall peer connectivity has a positive relationship of 74.1% with students’ academic achievement. Specifically, the frequency of interaction contributes 31.7%, mutual trust accounts for 8.3%, group learning contributes 60.2%, and peer sense of belonging contributes 47.6%. These findings demonstrate that peer connectivity has a significant and sufficiently strong association with the improvement of students’ academic achievement. This indicates that positive social relationships among students can effectively support and enhance their academic performance.
connectivity, peer relationships, academic achievement
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Ahmad, Dani Irawan, Rizqi Fajar Pradipta, Ratih Permata Sari , Nur Alamsyah Surya Negara , Mathori Abdullah Al Ghifari, Mochammad Syifauddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Role of Gen Z in Utilizing Social Media to Enhance MSME Competitiveness Toward Indonesia Emas 2045
Indonesia is striving to achieve the vision of Indonesia Emas 2045 by strengthening national economic competitiveness, one of which is through empowering Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) as the backbone of the national economy in the digital era. Generation Z, as digital natives, possesses significant potential to support the digital transformation of MSMEs through the utilization of social media; however, this contribution has not yet been optimally harnessed and continues to face various limitations in practical implementation. This study aims to analyze the role of Generation Z in enhancing MSME competitiveness through social media–based digital communication strategies, while addressing the research gap related to the suboptimal contribution of Generation Z in accelerating sustainable digital transformation among MSMEs. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a literature review approach, drawing on various relevant studies and reports. Data analysis was conducted through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and inductive conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that Generation Z acts as a catalyst in social media management through content creativity, digital storytelling, and the utilization of social commerce, which contribute to expanding market reach and strengthening MSME brand image. Nevertheless, challenges remain, including low levels of productive digital literacy, limitations in human resources, and digital infrastructure disparities that hinder the optimization of this role. Therefore, collaborative strategies are required through the enhancement of digital literacy, the strengthening of community partnerships, and inclusive and adaptive public policy support. In conclusion, Generation Z plays a strategic and crucial role as a key accelerator in the digital transformation of MSMEs, contributing to the development of a competitive and sustainable digital economy toward the realization of Indonesia Emas 2045.
: competitiveness, digital transformation, generation Z, MSMEs, social media
Copyright (c) 2025 Joko Nugroho, Angelika Rosma, Antoni Ludfi Arifin, Atha Adiwidya Ludfi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Lapbook Media on the Ability to Recognize Letters in Children Aged 4-5
This study is motivated by the low ability of children in recognizing letters, as well as the lack of utilization of learning media used to support the process. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of using lapbook media on the ability to recognize letters in children aged 4-5 years at Kamboja Kindergarten, Central City District, Gorontalo City. This study applied saturated sampling technique which involved all group A as many as 19 people. The approach used was quantitative research and experimental method with one group pretest-posttest design. Data collection was done through performance tests. The results of hypothesis testing that the significance value of 0.000 < α = 0.05 and the value of t count = 15.650 and t table = 1.729 then H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. It can be concluded that there is an effect of lapbook media on the ability to recognize letters in children 4-5 years at Kamboja Kindergarten
ability to recognize letters, children 4-5 years old, Lapbook media
Copyright (c) 2025 Regita Cahyani Maulida Sumah, Pupung Puspa Ardini, Icam Sutisna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Influence of the Education Game Avatar World on the Creativity of Children Aged 5-6 Years
This study aims to improve the creativity of 5-6 year old children by using the Avatar World Educational Game at Kamboja Kindergarten, Kota Tengah District, Gorontalo City. This study is a quantitative study using a pre-test and post-test experimental method conducted after the treatment was given and before the treatment was given. The sample consisted of 20 children aged 5-6 years in group B at Kamboja Kindergarten, Kota Tengah District, Gorontalo City. The results of the study show that the data obtained in the pretest was 22.55 out of a total score of 451. Meanwhile, after the treatment using the Avatar World Game was given to students at Kamboja Kindergarten using a sample of 20 students, the data obtained was 35.25 out of a total score of 705. The data shows that there is a difference or progress in the level of understanding of children at Kamboja Kindergarten, and there is a difference in the effect of the Avatar World Game based on the t-test, which shows a probability value of 0.000, meaning that 0.000 < 0.05, which means that there is an effect on the level of understanding of children using the Avatar World game.
Creativity Recognition Ability, Avatar World Game
Copyright (c) 2025 Adinda Suryani, Pupung Puspa Ardini, Yenti Juniarti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Development of E-LKPD Matrix Material Based on Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) for High School Students
This study aims to design a Digital Student Worksheet based on Realistic Mathematics Education for matrix material for students at the senior high school level. The approach used is Research and Development with the ADDIE model, which includes the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Participants in this study consisted of 35 students of grade XI H at SMAN 5 Yogyakarta, while the validation process was carried out by a mathematics teacher and two lecturers who have expertise in the field. The tools used in this study include validation sheets from material experts, media experts, and questionnaires to measure student responses. The data obtained were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative approaches by calculating the percentage of evaluation results from experts and student responses. The results of this study revealed that the assessment from material experts reached 92%, media experts 94%, and student responses reached 82%, all of which were classified as very good. These findings indicate that the developed product is valid, practical, and worthy of being used as an alternative learning medium to improve students' mathematical literacy skills, especially regarding the topic of matrices for grade XI students.
E-LKPD, Matrix, Realistic Mathematics Education (RME)
Copyright (c) 2025 Alfina Fitri Damayanti, Sumargiyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Uncovering the Hidden Relationship Between Crypto Prices and Mining Stocks: Evidence from ANTM and TINS
The high volatility of the crypto market has raised questions about its potential impact on other financial instruments, including shares of mining sector issuers. This study aims to reveal the relationship between the price of crypto assets, especially Bitcoin, and the stock price movements of two major mining issuers in Indonesia, namely Antam (ANTM) and Tin (TINS). The analysis was carried out with a quantitative approach with a simple linear regression analysis method, to test the influence of the price of bitcoin on each stock. The results of the analysis show the direction of a positive and significant relationship between the price of Bitcoin and ANTM shares with a regression coefficient of 0.008776. This value indicates that any increase in the price of Bitcoin is potentially followed by an increase in the price of ANTM's shares, with a contribution of variation of 45% (R² = 0.45). Meanwhile, the influence on TINS shares was also positive but weaker, with a regression coefficient of 0.004999 and a contribution of variation of 28% (R² = 0.28). These findings indicate that the crypto market could be one of the external factors influencing the dynamics of real sector stocks, especially those related to metal commodities. The conclusion of this study confirms the importance of including crypto variables in the risk analysis and investment strategies of mining sector stocks due to the adoption of blockchain technology that requires such commodities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Diky Paramitha, Etik Ipda Riyani, Kan Wen Huey https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Moderation Effect of External Auditor on the Relationship between Bank Characteristics and Credit Risk
This research provides quantitative research using secondary data related to the moderating influence between the role of bank size and age on credit risk. Data from banking company financial reports for 2022-2024 were analyzed using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The study found a significant negative effect on the relationship between bank size and credit risk, and a moderating effect of external auditors on the relationship between bank age and credit risk. Furthermore, no significant relationship was found between company age and credit risk, and external auditors failed to moderate the relationship between bank size and credit risk. This research opens up opportunities to examine more deeply the influence of macroeconomic factors.
Copyright (c) 2025 DIAN RUBIHANI, Vincentia Anindha Primacintya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Descriptive Study of Students' Mathematical Representation of Area Material Using Integral Approach
This study aims to describe the mathematical representation ability of Mathematics Education students at Universitas Ahmad Dahlan in solving problems related to the area of plane regions using an integral approach. This research employs a descriptive quantitative method with 23 students as subjects. The data were collected from the documentation of the Final Semester Examination (UAS) in the Integral Calculus course, which included questions on the area of plane regions. Data analysis was conducted using a mathematical representation scoring rubric. The results showed that the students’ mathematical representation abilities varied, with 39.13% categorized as high, 26.09% as medium, and 34.78% as low. The average score was 59.78, with a standard deviation of 37.73, a maximum score of 100, and a minimum score of 10. These findings indicate that the students’ mathematical representation ability is still relatively low and uneven across the three aspects of representation. The most common errors included visual errors in drawing area graphs, verbal errors in explaining mathematical procedures, and symbolic errors in algebraic manipulation and the use of mathematical symbols.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sumargiyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Influence of the Partnership Between Village Unit Cooperatives and Dairy Cattle Farmers on the Welfare of Partnership Members in Nglurup Village, Sendang Subdistrict, Tulungagung Regency
Starting from the urgency of the role of Village Unit Cooperatives (KUD) in improving the quality of life in rural communities, this study aims to examine the implementation of partnership patterns, the supporting and inhibiting factors, as well as their impact on members’ welfare. The research focuses on the partnership between KUD and dairy farmers in Nglurup Village, Sendang District, Tulungagung Regency. A quantitative approach was employed through a survey of 211 partnership members. Data were collected using a closed-ended Likert-scale questionnaire and structured observations with specific guidelines. The validity and reliability of the instruments were tested using Pearson correlation analysis and Cronbach’s Alpha. Data analysis was conducted using simple linear regression to determine the effect of the partnership variable (X) on welfare (Y). The results indicate that the partnership between KUD and dairy farmers has a significant impact on members’ welfare. The coefficient of determination shows that the partnership contributes positively in explaining variations in welfare levels. In conclusion, strengthening the partnership model between KUD and dairy farmers needs to be continuously enhanced as a strategy to support rural economic development based on local wisdom. These findings are expected to serve as a reference for formulating economic empowerment policies in rural areas.
Partnership, Village Unit Cooperative (KUD), Dairy Farmers, Welfare, Community Empowerment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Toifur Ahmad Balya, Nur Lailiyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Great Parents School Program Strategy in Fostering Positive Parenting and Cultural-Civic Literacy in Early Childhood
This study aims to examine the implementation strategy of the Great Parents Program in fostering positive parenting patterns and its contribution to the cultural literacy of early childhood at the Kasih Bunda Playgroup, Sambirejo Village, Madiun Regency. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study design, involving eight program participants, facilitators, institution managers, and students as research subjects. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation, then analyzed using the interactive model by Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, which includes data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research findings indicate that the program equips parents with effective communication skills, consistent discipline practices, and appreciation for children, which encourages a shift toward more democratic and supportive parenting styles. The program also proved to instill cultural and civic values through the introduction of national symbols, folk tales, traditional games, and the practice of mutual cooperation, which were internalized in family activities. The research findings confirm that parenting programs can serve as a strategic tool in integrating positive parenting with cultural and civic literacy, while also strengthening the character and identity of young children.
Great Parent School, Positive Parenting, Cultural-Civic Literacy, Early Childhood Education
Copyright (c) 2025 Atik Yuliana, Ahmad Samawi, Sri Wahyuni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Role of Teachers in Addressing Early Childhood Bullying through Reading and Writing Literacy
This study aims to examine teachers' strategies in addressing bullying behavior in early childhood through reading and writing literacy activities. Using a qualitative approach with a multi-site case study design, the study was conducted at Ngadirejo 01 Kindergarten and Ngadirejo 02 Kindergarten in Wonoasri, Madiun. Data were collected through participatory observation, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, presentation, and verification. The results show that reading and writing literacy activities that integrate social values such as empathy and mutual assistance can increase children's social awareness and reduce bullying behavior. At Ngadirejo 01 Kindergarten, 58% of children showed a high interest in literacy and a 41% decrease in verbal aggression, while at Ngadirejo 02 Kindergarten, the figures were 73% and 45%. The challenges faced by teachers include limited reading materials and the need to improve character literacy competencies. Teachers play an important role as facilitators and positive social models. Literacy has proven to be an effective strategy in character education to prevent bullying and foster prosocial behavior in early childhood.
character education, early childhood bullying, reading and writing literacy, teacher role
Copyright (c) 2025 Emy Puji Rahayu, Pramono Pramono, Alif Mudiono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Impact of Learning in the Digital Age on the Achievement of Independence in Children at RA Al-Hidayah Bulango Timur
This research aims to obtain data and information regarding the impact of learning in the digital era on the achievement of children's independence at RA Al-Hidayah Bulango Timur. This research adopts a qualitative descriptive method, with 13 children aged 4-5 years as the subjects. The data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings of this research indicate that learning in the digital era at RA Al-Hidayah Bulango Timur positively impacts early childhood independence in various aspects. Among the 13 children who participated in this research, 5 children showed very good development, while 8 children developed as expected. These children can learn independently through digital materials provided by teachers using digital devices and applications such as Canva, educational videos, and other audiovisual media. They also demonstrate confidence in completing tasks without always relying on teachers. Using technology in puzzle-solving activities through smartphones enhances children's thinking skills and teamwork. Additionally, their confidence is evident in their willingness to present assignments in front of the class after watching educational videos. Learning through digital devices attracts children's interest and helps them easily understand materials. However, learning in the digital era requires appropriate guidance and supervision from teachers and parents to ensure that children use technology wisely, making it an effective tool for fostering independence and social skills in early childhood.
Children aged 4-5 years, independence, digital era
Copyright (c) 2025 Pupung Puspa Ardini, Nurhayati Tine, Aprilia Kartini Mangantjo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Influence of the Learning Environment, Literacy Culture and Infrastructure on the National Assessment Results of State Elementary Schools in Tulungagung District
Improving the quality of education is one of the main focuses in the development of human resources in Indonesia. This is in line with the government's vision to produce a generation that is smart, competitive and has character. One important indicator in measuring the quality of education is the results of the National Assessment, which includes reading literacy, numeracy, and character surveys. The implementation of the National Assessment as an assessment instrument in the Indonesian education system certainly presents both challenges and opportunities for schools across the country, including Tulungagung. The National Assessment is designed to provide a comprehensive picture of the quality of a school's education, covering aspects of literacy, numeracy and character. The result of the National Assessment in several public primary schools in Tulungagung sub-district show significant variations in achievement between schools. This condition indicates that three are factors that influence the resuts of the National Assessment, both from within and outside the learning environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of learning environment, literacy culture and infrastructure facilities partially and simultanerously on the results of the National Assessment of Public Eementary Schools in Tulungagung District. The type of research used in this study is associative and the research method uses a quantitative approach. The population in the study amounted to 25 institutions. The sampling technique used is saturated sample. The data collection tool is a questionnaire and uses mlutiple linear regression analysis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dodik Hariyadi, Imam Sujono, Muhamad Abdul Roziq Asrori https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Influence of Teacher's Teaching Skills, Social Intelligence, And Learning Style on The Learning Outcomes of Students of SD Negeri Sembung
The quality of education is determined by students' learning outcomes, which reflect changes in their knowledge, skills and attitudes. This study aims to analyse the effect of teachers' teaching skills, social intelligence, and learning styles on student learning outcomes, both partially and simultaneously. This study uses a non-experimental quantitative method (correlation). The study population included 136 people, consisting of 127 students and 9 teachers at SD Negeri Sembung, with a saturated sample technique. Data were collected through questionnaires and students' report card documents and then analysed using t test (partial) and f test (simultaneous). The results show that partially tcount> ttable, meaning that there is a positive and significant influence on student learning outcomes between teacher skills in teaching (tcount = 3.296), social intelligence (tcount = 2.346), and learning styles (tcount = 7.204) with (ttable = 1.6615). Simultaneously, the three variables contribute to improving learning outcomes. Thus, the better the teacher's skills, social intelligence, and students' learning styles, the higher the learning outcomes achieved.
learning outcomes, learning styles, social intelligence, teacher teaching skills
Copyright (c) 2025 Erfan Afandi, Imam Sujono, Ajar Dirgantoro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0