The Influence of Using Talking Stick Technique to the Speaking Ability of Eleventh Grade Students at SMAN 1 GondangNganjuk

Abstract The aims of this research were to find out there was a significant influence of students’ speaking ability before and after being taught use talking stick technique. The sample of this research was class XI IPS 4 of the second grade at SMAN 1 GondangNganjuk in the academic year 2014/2015. The research applied one group pre-test post-test design. The result of the speaking ability by using talking stick technique type of cooperative learning showed that there was a significant influence on students’ speaking ability. The average of post-test score (73.25) was higher than that of pre-test (50.52), and it has gain 22.73. It means that there is an influence of using talking stick technique to the speaking ability of eleventh grade students at SMAN 1 GondangNganjuk in academic year 2014/2015.


Introduction
As we know that language is the most important aspect in the human interaction.People communicate and interaction using language.And English is used in the world by the people.In Indonesia, not all of the citizen can speak English, although English already studied by Indonesian people from kindergartens until university, but English is uses just for formal occasion not in informal occasion that cause only a few Indonesian people can speak English.As the form of our government's response toward this case, English language has been put in the educational system in our country, and it is taught from elementary

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Journal of English Teaching and Research school tilluniversity and becomes a compulsory subject.So that way in our country the students should learn English.It's easy to communicate with other people in another country.
There are four skills in the language, listening, speaking, reading and writing.But the most important skill is speaking to communicate with the people.
So, it should be had by everyone because everyone needs to well.One of those language skills that influence the language ability is speaking.Widdowson (1978: 59) states that "speaking as an instance for use, therefore, is a part of a reciprocal exchange in which both reception and production play a part.In this sense, the skill of speaking involves both receptive and productive participation".It's mean that speaking is related between receptive and productive participation.Teaching speaking is considered to be difficult among the four skills.Chastain in Paisal, (2011: 1) stated that "learning to speak is obviously more difficult".It means that more effort is required by the students and various interesting activities are also required by the teacher.Furthermore, he states that it is not enough for the students to hear or listen the speech only.The teacher needs to give the opportunities to the student to practice their oral language especially in speaking.
Teaching is an educational activitity.It is an activitiy that is done for giving information, sciences and knowledge to the students.Teaching can be done whether in formal situation or informal ones.Teaching is the process of giving knowledge; it is done by the teacher in order to give the materials and information to the students.Teachingcannot be defined apart from learning.Brown (2000: 7) stated: "Teaching is guiding and facilitating learning, enabling the learners to learn, and setting the conditions".In teaching learning process, those aspects cannot be The Influence of Using Talking Stick Technique to the Speaking Abilityof Eleventh Grade Students at SMAN 1 GondangNganjuk separated with others because all those components must be integrated to achieve the goal.However, teaching a language, especially a foreign language is not an easy task.Since English is a foreign language for Indonesian students, they surely get difficulties in learning it.As we know that learning a foreign language is different from learning a native language because the students' environment in achieving their first language and foreign language are different.
There are four basic skills in English language teaching that should be mastered by the students.Those are speaking and writing as productive skills, and listening and reading as receptive skills.In English teaching for speaking skill, the English teachers must be creative to design many communication activities in the classroom that urge and motivate students to use the language actively and productively.For example, in oral language class, the student should be served with conducive learning activity.So, they can practice English as well as possible.
In other words, the teacher is responsible for the situation where the student can communicate orally with their classmates.Most of the students think that speaking English is really difficult because we should adapt among the written form and the pronunciations.We can see the fact that most of the Indonesian students can't perform speaking English well.
The observation result when the researcher conducted teaching practice at the second year students of SMAN 1 GondangNganjuk in XI IIS 4 showed that speaking is the most frustrating English skill for students.The students sometimes face many problems in learning speaking because many factors such as shy to speak, have low motivation, have less self confidence, afraid of making mistakes and etc.Sometimes, they understand about the topic or material but they are

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Journal of English Teaching and Research difficult to share and express their idea to others.To solve the problems above, teacher needs to use an interesting and student-centered method.One of the teaching methods is cooperative.Through this method, students are active in the learning process, because they learn more through a process of constructing and creating, working in group and sharing knowledge.Therefore, it is important to focus the teachers' intention on the improvement to stimulate the students to speak.For this purpose, active learning is demanded.So, the teachers have to find out a special teaching method to facility the students to solving their problems.
As Slavin (1988: 31) said that "cooperative learning as a concept consists of several instructional methods in which learners study a language in small groups of 4-6, and group performance is rewarded in several different ways.Cooperative learning method is an approach to teaching that makes maximum use of cooperative activities involving pairs and small groups of learners in classroom.
Cooperative learning, like collaborative learning, entail small group working on specific task.This model is allows the interaction and transaction among the student in the learning process that meets the rules of view of constructivist.In practice the work of cooperative learning team is systematically structure.So, there is a positive interdependence among the members in the groups.In group, the members feel that they work together for emphasizes that "in a wellfunctioning cooperative group there is a sense of join responsibility where learners care about and get committed together".It describes a team environment where learners celebrate successes and provide assistance to each other is likely to promote more positive peer relationship, social support, high self-esteem, and academic achievement.
Widiya Sari | 73 The Influence of Using Talking Stick Technique to the Speaking Abilityof Eleventh Grade Students at SMAN 1 GondangNganjuk There are many types of cooperative learning method that can use in teaching classroom.The cooperative learning method is: 1. Jigsaw, 2. Team-Game-Tournament, Talking stick method is a method that uses a stick well-known as a wooden stick, which the facilitator or the leader begins by picking up the stick to share the feeling or concern with the group.It is passed clockwise to the next person, who may choose to speak or to remain silent.Then, the talking stick is passed to each person for getting a chance to speak.

Talking
Based on the statement above, the researcher chooses the talking stick method to improve their speaking ability and the students can speak spontaneously and share their idea.

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Journal of English Teaching and Research From the statements above, the problem is the students can't share their idea although they understand about the topic.The students afraid make a mistake when they are speaking.So, the researcher take the title of "The Influence In collecting the data, the researcher used pretest and post-test.Pretest was administered in order to find out the students' speaking ability before the treatments, and post test was administered in order to find out the increase of the treatments towards the students' speaking ability after being given the treatments.
Pretest and posttest were used to get the data to analyze the hypothesis.

Research Result and Discussion
This research was primaly aimed at answering the question whether there was a significant influence on students' speaking ability before and after being taught use talking stick technique type of cooperative learning.
It can be concluded that teaching speaking using talking stick technique in English language teaching has significant influence.Before the students taught by that research is an examination of the relationship between one or more independent variables and one or more dependent variables.In conducting this research, the researcher used Pre test and Post test Design.In this research, the students were given pre test before treatments and in the end of the research the students were also given post test after giving treatments.
The treatment was conducted into one meeting of activities and take 2x45 minutes.The population of this research was all the eleventh grade students at SMAN 1 GondangNganjuk in the academic year of 2014/2015.There were eight classes available at the eleventh grade.From those classes, the reseacher chooses one class, it was class XI IPS 4 consisting of 32 students.